1. The Greek and the Biblical chronology

chapter 3

Identifying “ancient” Greece as the mediaeval Greece of the XI-XVI century with the chronological shift of 1800 years taken into account

1. The Greek and the Biblical chronology

The history of Classical Greece is considered to have been one of the most remarkable periods in the entire history of European civilization. As children we hear many legends of the Parthenon, Athens, Sparta, Plato, Socrates, Demosthenes, King Leonid, Pericles, Milthiades, Phidias and so forth. Therefore, the research of this epoch is doubtlessly of interest to us today. In Chapter 6 of Chron1 we demonstrate the existence of numerous parallelisms, duplicates and phantom reflections inherent in the consensual Scaligerian version of the “ancient” history. Their complete scheme is reconstructed on our global chronological map, which can also be called the graph of chronological shifts – see Chron1, Chapter 6 and fig. 3.1. What we learn is that the “modern textbook” of ancient and mediaeval history is a collation of four identical chronicles shifted backwards in time by the following values as related to their original:

• 
  the Byzantine-Roman shift of 333 or 360 years,
  
• 
  the Roman shift of 1053 years,
  
• 
  the Graeco-Biblical shift of 1780 (or 1800, or 1810 years).
  

Fig. 3.1. The global chronological map. The “Scaligerian history textbook” presented as collation of four near-identical short chronicles.

The 720-year shift plays an important part here as well, being the difference between the Byzantine-Roman shift and the purely Roman one (1053 – 333 = 720 years). In the previous chapter we gave a basic rendition of the deepest shift – the 1810-year Graeco-Biblical one, having discussed the most remarkable superimposition of the Trojan War over the Gothic War. In the present chapter we shall continue with the analysis of this shift and move forward along the time axis, considering the events that follow the Trojan War in the history of the Classical “ancient” Greece. The 1810-year chronological shift also relocates them into the Middle Ages. Let us check whether the superimposition of mediaeval events over their “ancient” doubles should continue. We shall follow the same “rigid formula” in our comparison of the “ancient” Greek events and their mediaeval originals separated by a period of roughly 1810 years. In other words, an “ancient” event that took place in the alleged year T in the Scaligerian chronology is compared to the mediaeval event that took place in the year X = T + 1810.

As we shall see below, the 1810-year shift of the XI-XVI century history of Greece had created a gigantic phantom reflection in the “distant past” – the so-called “ancient” Classical Greece. It is curious that the phantom should often look better than the original. The myths of the “ancient” Greece never fail to provoke an intense emotional reaction in the modern reader brought up in the Scaligerian historical paradigm. On the other hand, hardly anyone has ever heard of the mediaeval European crusader states – on the territory of the modern Greece in particular, that served as prototypes for the phantom Classical world. The Graeco-Biblical shift of 1810 years superimposes the history of the Holy Roman Empire (X-XIII century) and that of the Habsburg (Nov-Gorod?) Empire (XIII-XVII century) over the “ancient” kingdoms of Israel and Judea, whereas “ancient” Greece is covered by the history of mediaeval crusader Greece (the XI-XV century epoch). The table that we are about to cite shall indicate the individual X-XV century originals of the “ancient events”.

We shall use the famous History by Herodotus ([163]) as the first important source for the history of the “ancient” Greece. Let us re-emphasize that this work is the furthest thing from a forgery. We are of the opinion that Herodotus refers to real mediaeval events of the XI-XVI century a.d. He must have lived in the epoch of the XVI century a.d. Then, later chronologists have erroneously dated his lifetime and his work many centuries backwards. The original oeuvre of Herodotus must have been cautiously edited from the viewpoint of the recently introduced Scaligerian history.

As we shall see below, it isn’t just the mediaeval Greek events that became reflected in the work of Herodotus, but also the Roman ones – that is to say, the Byzantine and Italian events of the XI-XV century a.d. A demonstrative scheme of the “Greek” chronological shift of 1810 years can be seen in figs. 3.2 and 3.3. The paragraphs of the table below that are marked as “a” refer to the history of mediaeval Greece, whereas the paragraphs marked as “b” pertain to the same events that were described in the books subsequently declared “ancient”; what we observe is thus the same story told twice.

Fig. 3.2. The parallelism between the “ancient” and mediaeval Greece.

Fig.3.3 A more detailed representation of the parallelism between “ancient” and mediaeval Greece.

2. The legend of a woman (religion?) mortally insulted

The following events are quite well-known. They possess similar numeric values in the section entitled “Middle Ages and the antiquity” and appear to be duplicates, or reflections of one and the same real historical period:

The Middle Ages.

1. 
   Holy Roman Empire of the alleged X-XIII century a.d. and the Habsburg (Nov-Gorod?) Empire of the XIII-XVII century.
   
2. 
   The crusader war of the XIII century a.d. in Byzantium and Italy; the fall of Constantinople in 1204.
   
3. 
   The crusades of the X-XIII century.
   

The “antiquity”.

1. 
   The Biblical kingdoms of Israel and Judea as the Regal Rome described by Titus Livy, or the First Roman Empire in our terminology.
   
2. 
   The Trojan War (or the Tarquinian War according to Livy), also known from the history of the “ancient” Greece as “the exile of the tyrants”.
   
3. 
   The epoch of Great Greek Colonization – the alleged VIII-VI century b.c.
   

Thus, we begin to move forward along the time axis beginning with the X century a.d.

1a. The alleged X century a.d. A duplicate of the Trojan War. As one sees in fig. 3.1, the period between the alleged years 901 and 924 in Italian history contains a duplicate of the Trojan = Tarquinian = Gothic War. It is shown schematically as the black triangle in fig. 3.1.

1b. “Ancient” Greece. Herodotus begins his History with a brief summary of the Trojan War ([163], 1:1-5, pages 11-12. Thus, Herodotus couldn’t have lived earlier than the XIII century a.d.

Commentary. Herodotus the Greek, likewise Titus Livy the Roman, begin their books with an account of the Trojan War. As we shall see below, this is far from mere coincidence: the first chapters of Herodotus and Livy are parallel to each other and refer to the same historical epochs and events. In his tale of the early days of the “Ancient” Greece Herodotus copies fragments of Roman history in Livy’s interpretation, no less.

Let us remind the reader of yet another duplicate of the Trojan War manifest in the history of mediaeval Rome – namely, the war of the alleged years 931-954 a.d., its primary characters being Alberic II and Theodora II ([196]). One should rightly expect that the “ancient” Herodotus would tell the story of the Trojan War once again without so much as being aware of it in his rendition of the mediaeval Roman (Byzantine?) history, as well as that of Greater Greece.

It is remarkable that Herodotus should act just as we have predicted. He returns to the Trojan War in his narration, his second account being particularly close to the version of Titus Livy (who, as we understand now, has described the Trojan War as the Tarquinian War). Also bear in mind that a part of Italy was called Greater Greece in mediaeval documents ([267], pages 282-283). The reason for this is clear enough: the chronicles of Romea and Byzantium would often find their way into Roman and Italian history. Later historians would confuse Rome and Romea with each other. Greece is a part of Byzantium; its paper journey to the West would transform it into the Italian Greater Greece. The reverse process may have taken place on certain occasions.

Trojan = Tarquinian = Gothic War is represented in the Scaligerian version of Greek history of the alleged VIII-VII century b.c. not only as the tale of a war that began because of Helen, but also as the rather curious story of Candaules and Gyges. Remember that the “legend of a woman” is considered very important in the history of the Trojan War – namely, the legend that tells us of a woman of high social rank mortally insulted, which had led to either a war or a coup d’état. The Trojan version tells us about the abduction of the Greek woman Helen, whereas Livy’s Tarquinian version refers to the rape of Lucretia, and the Gothic version – to the murder of Amalasuntha. We find a similar story in the rendition of the VI century b.c. events by the “ancient” Herodotus.

2a. The mediaeval Trojan = Tarquinian = Gothic War. An argument among men about the virtues of their wives. The argument leads to Lucretia getting raped, her death and, finally, the war. We have seen a similar contest between goddesses before the Trojan War. Paris (P-Rus) was called to decide which one of them was the best – the famous “judgement of Paris”. It is emphasized that all three goddesses were to appear before Paris naked. Paris awards the prize (the proverbial apple of discord) to Aphrodite, the goddess of Love, which results in a war. Aphrodite promises Paris the love of Helen, whom he promptly abducts. The Trojan War breaks out.

2b. “Ancient” Greece. The tyrant claims his wife to be the best. According to Herodotus, an argument between king Candaules, the tyrant of Sardes, and Gyges, took place in “ancient” Greece, when the former had been convincing the latter that the wife of Candaules was the most beautiful woman in the world ([163], 1:7, page 13). Scaligerian chronology dates Candaules to 560 b.c. Candaules even offers Gyges to see the woman naked. An argument takes place at this point due to the reluctance of Gyges to comply; he is finally forced to do so for fear of royal anger ([163], 1:8, page 13). One has to mark the use of the term “tyrant”. The tyrants were a particular clan of “ancient” Greek rulers, Candaules being one of them. The word “tyrant” gives us TRNT (TRN) as its unvocalized root; basically, Herodotus is telling us about either the Trojans (TRN), the Tarquins (TRQN), or the mediaeval TRN – the Franks, the Turks and the Tartars.

3a. The mediaeval Trojan = Tarquinian = Gothic War. The “humiliation of a woman” – Lucretia the Roman raped, Helen the Greek abducted, Amalasuntha, queen of the Goths, killed, and so on – all of these events as related in the accounts of this war known to us today have a strong sexual overtone. All the ensuing events are presented as revenge for the affront delivered to a woman (or a religion, qv above). The Greeks in the Trojan War, likewise Publius Valerius and Brutus (Brother?) are all driven by the desire of vengeance. According to our subsequent research related in the books King of the Slavs and The Dawn of the Horde Russia, the crusades of the late XII – XIII century had really been the revenge for Christ’s crucifixion in Czar-Grad in 1185.

3b. “Ancient” Greece. The humilation of the tyrant’s wife. According to Herodotus, the wife of Candaules was insulted by the discovery of Gyges, who hid to observe her nudity. Herodotus tells us that “although she had been aware that it was all masterminded by her husband, she did not cry out in shame – on the contrary, she pretended to notice nothing, harbouring thoughts of getting even with Candaules” ([163], 1:10, page 14). All of her subsequent actions are dictated by nothing but vengefulness.

4a. The mediaeval Latin Empire in Byzantium, or Italy. Titus Livy and Procopius identify the Tarquinian = Gothic War as one that took place on the “Roman territories” – that is, either in Romea = Byzantium, or Italy. “Italy” reads as TL unvocalized, which is similar to the name of the Latin Empire that had existed in Byzantium for a long time - Latinia = TL (LT read backwards). This is another reason why later historians may have confused Italy with Byzantium.

4b. “Ancient” Greece. The land of Lydia. According to Herodotus, the event involving the wife of Candaules took place in Lydia (LD unvocalized). Bear in mind that the only difference between LD for Lydia and TL or DL for Italy is the direction in which one reads the letters. Europeans would proceed from left to right, whereas the Arabs and the Jews would go in the opposite direction. Moreover, the Latin (LT) Empire emerged on the territory of Byzantium in the crusade epoch. This is most probably the Lydia of Herodotus.

5a. The Middle Ages: XI and XIII century a.d. A change of dynasty. King Hugo and the Hohenstaufens.

1) What we observe in the course of the Tarquinian War (according to Livy), the Gothic War (according to Procopius), and especially the war of the XIII century a.d. is a complete change of the dynasty regnant. Remember that the XIII century war led to the decline of the Hohenstaufen dynasty in Italy (or TL = Lydia/Latinia).

2) The actual name “Hohenstaufen” is very similar to that of king Hugo, the key figure in the duplicate of the Trojan War that was dated to the X century a.d. Now, the word “Hohen”, or “Hugo” is similar to that of the well-known mediaeval nation of Gog (as in Gog and Magog), which is how the Tartars and the Scythians were called in the Middle Ages ([722], pages 74 and 256-257). It would also be expedient to recollect the mediaeval identification

of the Biblical nations of Gog and Magog with the Goths and the Mongols ([722], page 74). See Chron5 for details.

5b. The “ancient” Greece. A change of dynasty. Gyges and the Heraclids.

1) Herodotus also informs us of the fact that the story with the wife of Candaules led to a change of ruling dynasty. The revenge of the affronted woman leads to the fall of Candaules and signifies the end of the Heraclid dynasty ([163], 1:7, page 13). Thus, Herodotus must have used the name “Heraclids” to refer to the Hohenstaufens.

2) Gyges is one of the main participants of these events (according to Herodotus). The name “Gyges” is virtually identical to that of Hugo.

6a. The mediaeval Trojan = Tarquinian = Gothic War. The humiliation of a woman as the casus belli. The “insult of a woman” (or religion?) leads to a war, the deposition and the death of a king, and the decline of the kingdom in every version of the XIII century war that we know. Titus Livy tells us of a coup d’état in the Latin Rome followed by the war with the Tarquinian clan. We have already mentioned that the Lydians could have been the Latins under a different name (the crusader empire of the Latins?).

6b. “Ancient” Greece. The affront of the wife leads to a change of dynasty. Having insulted his wife, Candaules had basically signed his own death sentence. The wife had noticed the presence of Gyges in her bedroom and made him kill her husband, which led to a change of the ruling dynasty. Herodotus tells us that “the Lydians [Latins? – A. F.] have grabbed their weapons in indignation immediately after the murder of Candaules, but the satellites of Gyges have arranged matters with other Lydians” ([163], 1:13, pages 14-15).