Amnion-the innermost of the extraembryonic membranes forming a fluid-filled sac around the embryo in amniotes



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CHAPTER 18: REPTILES VOCABULARY

____amnion____

____neurotoxic venom____

____Jacobson’s organs____

____chorion____

____hemorrhagin venom____

____forked tongue____

____anapsids____

____sauropterygians____

____pit organs____

____diapsids____

____lepidosaurs____

____plastron____

____synapsids____

____allantois____

____carapace____

____kinetic skull____

____ectothermic____




Order Testudines or Chelonia (tortoise)-300 species with a body in a bony case of dorsal carapace and ventral plastron; jaws with keratinized beaks instead of teeth; vertebrae and ribs fused to overlying carapace. Ex:turtles.

Order Squamata (scaly)-skin of keratinized epidermal scales or plates, which are shed; quadrate movable; skull kinetic, paired copulatory organs. Ex: snakes, lizards and amphisbaenians.

Suborder Lacertilia or Sauria (lizard) -4600 species with slender body, usually with four limbs; eyelids movable; external ear. Ex: lizards.

Suborder Amphisbaenia (double walk)-160 species with elongated body no legs; skull bones interlocked for burrowing; limb girdles; eyes hidden behind skin; only one lung. Ex: worm lizards.

Suborder Serpents (to creep)-2900 species with body elongate; limbs, ear openings and middle ear absent; eyelids fused into transparent spectacle; tongue forked and protrusible; left lung reduced or absent. Ex: snakes.

Order Sphenodonta (wedge tooth)-2 species of primitive diapsid skull; vertebrae biconcave; median eye present. Ex: tuataras.

Order Crocodilia (crocodile)-23 species with skull elongate and massive; nares terminal; secondary palate present; four-chambered heart; forelimbs usually of five digits; hindlimbs with four digits. Ex: crocodiles & alligators.


CHAPTER 18: REPTILES VOCABULARY

____amnion____

____neurotoxic venom____

____Jacobson’s organs____

____chorion____

____hemorrhagin venom____

____forked tongue____

____anapsids____

____sauropterygians____

____pit organs____

____diapsids____

____lepidosaurs____

____plastron____

____synapsids____

____allantois____

____carapace____

____kinetic skull____

____ectothermic____




Order Testudines or Chelonia (tortoise)-300 species with a body in a bony case of dorsal carapace and ventral plastron; jaws with keratinized beaks instead of teeth; vertebrae and ribs fused to overlying carapace. Ex:turtles.

Order Squamata (scaly)-skin of keratinized epidermal scales or plates, which are shed; quadrate movable; skull kinetic, paired copulatory organs. Ex: snakes, lizards and amphisbaenians.

Suborder Lacertilia or Sauria (lizard) -4600 species with slender body, usually with four limbs; eyelids movable; external ear. Ex: lizards.

Suborder Amphisbaenia (double walk)-160 species with elongated body no legs; skull bones interlocked for burrowing; limb girdles; eyes hidden behind skin; only one lung. Ex: worm lizards.

Suborder Serpents (to creep)-2900 species with body elongate; limbs, ear openings and middle ear absent; eyelids fused into transparent spectacle; tongue forked and protrusible; left lung reduced or absent. Ex: snakes.

Order Sphenodonta (wedge tooth)-2 species of primitive diapsid skull; vertebrae biconcave; median eye present. Ex: tuataras.

Order Crocodilia (crocodile)-23 species with skull elongate and massive; nares terminal; secondary palate present; four-chambered heart; forelimbs usually of five digits; hindlimbs with four digits. Ex: crocodiles & alligators.

amnion-the innermost of the extraembryonic membranes forming a fluid-filled sac around the embryo in amniotes.

chorion-the outer of the double membrane that surrounds the embryo of reptiles, birds and mammals; in mammals it contributes to the placenta.

anapsids-amniotes characterized by a skull having no temporal opening behind the orbits (eye sockets) includes the turtles.

diapsids-amniotes in which the skull bears two pairs of temporal openings; includes reptiles (except turtles) and birds.

lepidosaurs-a lineage of diapsid reptiles that appeared in the Permian and includes the modern snakes, lizards, amphisbaenids and tuataras and the extinct ichthyosaurs.

plastron-ventral body shield of turtles.

carapace-dorsal shell in turtles.

sauropterygians-Mesozoic marine reptiles.

synapsids-an amniote lineage comprising the mammals and the ancestral mammal-like reptiles and pelycosaurs, having a skull with a single pair of temporal openings.

Jacobson’s organs-organs in the roof of the mouth of snakes which are lined with an olfactory epithelium.

forked tongue-of snakes, picks up scent molecules and transmits the information across the Jacobson’s organs to the brain.

pit organs-special heat sensitive organs on pit vipers’ heads located between their nostrils and eyes.

neurotoxic venom-acts mainly on the nervous systems, affecting the optic nerves (causing blindness) or the phrenic nerve of the diaphragm (causing paralysis of respiration).

hemorrhagin venom-destroys red blood cells and blood vessels and produces extensive hemorrhaging of blood into tissue spaces.

Order Testudines or Chelonia (tortoise)-300 species with a body in a bony case of dorsal carapace and ventral plastron; jaws with keratinized beaks instead of teeth; vertebrae and ribs fused to overlying carapace. Ex:turtles.

Order Squamata (scaly)-skin of keratinized epidermal scales or plates, which are shed; quadrate movable; skull kinetic, paired copulatory organs. Ex: snakes, lizards and amphisbaenians.

Suborder Lacertilia or Sauria (lizard) -4600 species with slender body, usually with four limbs; eyelids movable; external ear. Ex: lizards.

Suborder Amphisbaenia (double walk)-160 species with elongated body no legs; skull bones interlocked for burrowing; limb girdles; eyes hidden behind skin; only one lung. Ex: worm lizards.

Suborder Serpents (to creep)-2900 species with body elongate; limbs, ear openings and middle ear absent; eyelids fused into transparent spectacle; tongue forked and protrusible; left lung reduced or absent. Ex: snakes.



Order Sphenodonta (wedge tooth)-2 species of primitive diapsid skull; vertebrae biconcave; median eye present. Ex: tuataras.

Order Crocodilia (crocodile)-23 species with skull elongate and massive; nares terminal; secondary palate present; four-chambered heart; forelimbs usually of five digits; hindlimbs with four digits. Ex: crocodiles & alligators.
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