And the evolution of the stages involved in the oil and gas

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i 
University of Oklahoma College of Law Graduate 
School. 
Midstream Oil & Gas Procedure 
OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION PROCEDURES; AN OVERVIEW 
AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE STAGES INVOLVED IN THE OIL AND GAS 
INDUSTRY.

By 
 
Robert O. Cwinya-ai

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ii 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 
 
1.0 Introduction 1 
1.1 Purpose Statement 3 
2.0 Exploration 4 
2.1 Exploration Methods 5 
2.2 Exploration Risk 5 
2.3 Element of Petroleum Prospect 6 
2.5 Terms used in Petroleum Evaluation 6
2.6 Drilling 7 
2.7 Down hole Technologies 9 
2.8 Completion 10 
3.0 Production 11 
4.0 Conclusion 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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P a g e
1.0 INTRODUCTION 
The oil and Gas industry is one of the largest and most important global industry, there are 
various activities that must take place to transform inputs of raw materials, knowledge, labor 
and capital into end products purchased by customers. A value chain is a device that helps 
identify the independent, economically viable segments of an industry. Value refers to what 
customers are willing to pay for, and so the value chain helps to identify the specific activities 
that create value throughout the chain the Oil and Gas industry. 
The oil and gas industry is divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream and 
downstream.
In this project the segment to be discussed is the Upstream segment of the Oil and Gas 
Industry.
Fig 1 
The upstream oil sector is also commonly known as the exploration and production (E&P). 
The upstream sector includes the searching for potential underground or underwater crude oil 

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