Atoms are often referred to as the building blocks of matter



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tarix22.05.2018
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  • Atoms are often referred to as the building blocks of matter.

  • Each element on the periodic table is composed of one type of atom and cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.





    • Nucleus - Small, dense, positively charged center of the atom which contains most of the atom’s mass


The nucleus contains the following subatomic particles:

    • The nucleus contains the following subatomic particles:
      • Protons - positively (+) charged particles
      • Neutrons - particles that have no charge (neutral), but contribute to the atom’s mass


    • Electron cloud - an area around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found orbiting the nucleus in several energy levels


The electron cloud contains several energy levels

    • The electron cloud contains several energy levels


Multiple energy levels in the electron cloud completely surround the nucleus.

    • Multiple energy levels in the electron cloud completely surround the nucleus.
      • Electrons follow a specific order to fill the energy levels.


      • The electrons in the outermost energy level are called valence electrons
      • We will go into more detail about the importance of valence electrons in our next unit.






  • The number of protons in the nucleus is the atomic number of that atom. Protons are used to identify elements.

  • The atomic number represents the number of protons (+) and is equal to the number of electrons (-).



The atomic mass is the mass of the protons plus the mass of the neutrons.

  • The atomic mass is the mass of the protons plus the mass of the neutrons.

    • Atomic mass is recorded in the SI units: atomic mass units (amu).
    • Protons and neutrons each are given an amu of 1.
    • Electrons have a mass of nearly zero.


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