Bellringer – Check atlas work from yesterdayPowerPoint Notes on Government in Athens HW : Read Chapter 8.2 – add to study guideStudy guide due Thursday
Greece is the birthplace of Democracy, a type of government in which people rule themselves Greece is the birthplace of Democracy, a type of government in which people rule themselvesThe word democracy comes form Greek words meaning “rule of the people”
In early Greece, kings ruled the city-state. (Monarchy) In early Greece, kings ruled the city-state. (Monarchy)Later, a group of rich landowners, or aristocrats took powerA government in which only a small group of people have power is called an oligarchy
With the aristocrats controlling $ and now the government, the common people had little say in the government. With the aristocrats controlling $ and now the government, the common people had little say in the government.In the 600s BC, a group of rebels tried to overthrow the aristocrats, but it didn’t work
Since the rebellion failed a man named Draco created a new set of harsh laws for Athens Since the rebellion failed a man named Draco created a new set of harsh laws for Athens- These laws were very harsh. Punishing minor crimes like loitering punishable by death.
Draco’s laws were believed to be too harsh so a man named Solon created less harsh laws. Draco’s laws were believed to be too harsh so a man named Solon created less harsh laws.Under Solon’s laws, all free men living in Athens became citizens: people who had the right to participate in government
In 546 a noble named Peisistratus “overthrew” the oligarchy In 546 a noble named Peisistratus “overthrew” the oligarchy- A tyrant is, a leader who held power through the use of force
Today the word tyrant is harsh but in ancient Greece the word had a very different meaning Today the word tyrant is harsh but in ancient Greece the word had a very different meaningTyrants in Athenian government were usually good leaders with strong armies and support from the people.Peisistratus brought peace and prosperity to the city starting new policies to unify the city, building temples and monuments.
After Peisistratus died (c. 527 BC), his son, Hippias, took over as tyrant – no one was happy! After Peisistratus died (c. 527 BC), his son, Hippias, took over as tyrant – no one was happy! Continues father’s benevolent rule….for a while…until c. 514 BC – when brother is killedThis makes him unhappy & everyone feels his wrath!
Aristocrats were unhappy because their power was gone (@ 510 BCE) Aristocrats were unhappy because their power was gone (@ 510 BCE)Aristocrats overthrow Hippias & banish himAristocrats back in control untill…….back to a TyrranyIsagoras (an Aristocrat) convinced a rival city-state (guess who…)to attack Athens and re-claimed their power- Kicks out other Aristocrats (@ 700)
- Rules from the acropolis with Spartans!
- Until common people revolt!
For the 1st time in history – people revolt against the government For the 1st time in history – people revolt against the government Around 510 BC a man named Cleisthenes gained power in Athens. (called out of exile) Despite coming from a rich family he felt that, aristocrats had too much influenceWith the support of the people he overthrew the aristocracy and established the world’s first democracy
All citizens had the right to participate in the assembly, or gathering of citizens that created the city’s laws. All citizens had the right to participate in the assembly, or gathering of citizens that created the city’s laws.The assembly met outdoors on a hillside so everyone could attend
During meetings, people stood before the crowd and gave speeches on political issues. They were actually encouraged to do so… During meetings, people stood before the crowd and gave speeches on political issues. They were actually encouraged to do so…After speeches were over the assembly voted usually by show of hands, but sometimes secret ballots (black & white stones)
The number of people who voted in assembly changed day to day The number of people who voted in assembly changed day to dayFor major decisions the assembly needed 6,000 people which wasn’t always easy to getRed rope attendance? What do you guess that is?
What do you think would be a problem with having a 6,000 person assembly? What do you think would be a problem with having a 6,000 person assembly?- Athenians selected citizens to be city officials
- These city officials decided which laws the assembly should discuss
- Some times officials determined by lottery!
Citizens served on juries to decide court cases Citizens served on juries to decide court cases- Juries had anywhere from 200 to 6,000 people
Led the government from 460 BC-429 BCTo encourage people to participate in government he started to pay people who served in public offices or on juriesHe also encouraged the spread of democracy in Greece
All citizens in Athens could participate directly in government All citizens in Athens could participate directly in governmentWhat this means is a person’s decision directly affects the outcome of a voteThe United States is too large for everyone to gather so we formed another kind of Democracy
The democracy created by the United States is a representative democracy, or republic - a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governing according to law The democracy created by the United States is a representative democracy, or republic - a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governing according to law - “And, surprise, a representative democracy is a kind of republic. What distinguishes a republic is that it has an elected government. Representative democracies are, therefore, a kind of republic. Self-appointed governments such as monarchies, dictatorships, oligarchies, theocracies and juntas are not republics. However, this still allows for a wide spectrum.”
In this system, citizens select officials to represent them in governmentElected officials then meet to make up and enforce the country’s lawsAmericans elect senators and representatives to Congress who pass laws.We trust our chosen representatives to vote for us.
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