Blanca Caudillo Language of Investigation Hindi



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Your Name Blanca Caudillo

Language of Investigation Hindi

What places of origin (countries, regions, cities) is this language primarily spoken? The main language used in the northern states of Rajasthan, Delhi, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar, and is spoken in much of north and central India alongside other languages such as Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi or Bengali. In other parts of India, as well as in Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan, Hindi is understood. In Fiji people of Indian origin speak Hindi, and in some areas the Fijian people also speak it.
This closest/ most similar language to this language is Urdu

How many speakers are there globally of this language?487 million speakers


Alphabet

This language has a Latin (every sign has a single sound) alphabet.

This language reads 

The letters/ characters of this alphabet are of language family

Does this language depend primarily on tone or pitch? 

Is this language syllable or stress timed? 



Does this language have strong sound/symbol correspondence? (English does not) 
Complete this section ONLY if your language is Latin based (most languages you will encounter are).

Phonetics and phonology

There are  vowels in this language. They are (cut and paste the vowels in the actual script) Vowels


Hindi alphabet has ten vowels and two modifiers which are given below. The symbols shown below the alphabets are known as "matra" symbols. Matra symbols are used when consonants and vowels are to be written together.


















a

aa/A

e/i

ee/ii

u

oo/uu



















e

ai

o

ou

aM

aH

Vowels Not In Common Use











r^

r^^

l^

l^^

AUM

Which vowels sound the same as English vowel sounds? (list L1 vowel and English vowel correspondence).

a ( the sound of 'e' in father



aa (as in father)

i (as in in)



ii ( as in been)

u ( as in put)


uu (as in moon)

e ( as in make)



ai ( the sound of a in dad)

o ( as in so)



au (as in saw)

Which vowel sounds do not exist in English?

RI (as is tREe)



अ:

H

अँ



ANG (^)

There are 40 consonants in this language. They are

Which consonant sounds do NOT exist in English?

ख Coupled sound of ‘k’, ‘h’= ‘kh’


घ Coupled sound of ‘g’, ‘h’= ‘gh’
ङ As ‘gn’ in gnome. Does not produce a particular sound: Just used for articulation of tongue while pronouncing the next word

छ This sound is not available in English. The tongue touches a bit away (to the inner side) from the teeth while pronouncing ‘ch’ as in chair.

झ This sound is not available in English. The is produced using the naval sounds while the tongue touches the upper part of mouth cavity.

ञ Just like ‘gn’ of gnome with a slight up movement of tongue. No particular sound just articulation while speaking.

ठ Hard sound of ‘t’. Not available in English.

ढ Coupled sound of ‘d’ and ‘h’= ‘dh’. Not available in English but as ‘dh’ in Indian musical instrument ‘dhol’.

ण Nasal sound when the tongue touches a bit away from teeth. In न, the tongue touches the roots of the teeth.

ध Not available in English. Again, naval sound produced by coupling soft ‘d’ and ‘h’= ‘dh’.

फ Sound of ‘f’ if pronounced with closed lips. ‘f’ of German language.

भ Not available in English. Coupled sound of ‘b’ and ‘h’= ‘bh’.

ष Sound of ‘sh’ when the tongue touches the roots of the teeth. In श, the tongue touches the upper part of mouth cavity.

ज्ञ Coupled sound of ‘j’ and ‘n’= ‘jn’

.

What sounds do speakers of this language have difficulty pronouncing? The pronunciation of English words such as this, thin, clothes, thirteenth, months inevitably causes problems for learners who do not need to use the tip of the tongue to produce words in their own language.



Are there any sound placements that are different between English and this language? What are they? (For example,

Do any double letter combinations exist in this language? What are they and what do

they correspond to in English? (For example, Spanish: /ll/ = English /y/). No
Syntax and Grammar

How many tenses exist in this language? 3



What are they? Hindi as same type of tenses as english do.

The word order of this language is

Normal sentences


English: Subject Verb Object => I learn Hindi
Hindi: Subject Object Verb => I Hindi learn

English: Subject Verb Preposition Object => I go to the shop


Hindi: Subject Object Postposition Verb => I shop to go

Imperative sentences


English: Verb Place Adverb => Come here now
Hindi: Place Adverb Verb => Here now come

English: Verb Negative Verb Adverb => Do not eat quickly


Hindi: Adverb Negative Verb => Quickly not eat

Interrogate sentences


English: Adverb Aux.Verb Subject Verb => What are you drawing?
Hindi: Subject Adverb Verb => You what draw?



What are the punctuation forms used in this language? List using English comparisons. The end of a sentence is indicated in Hindi by a vertical line “ | ” . All the other punctuation marks are used in Hindi just as they are in English

How does this language mark gender? Hindi has two genders, masculine (nouns ending in i) and feminine (nouns ending in a) but there are exceptions. As for the number, we distinguish between singular and plural.


Morphology

What are some shared cognates between English and this language? No



What are some FALSE cognates between English and this language? None
Through your research what have you found are the biggest difficulties of speakers of this language learning English? Please provide specific examples. Hindi learners are disinclined to 'swallow' unstressed syllables such as the first syllables in the words tomorrow, intelligent, remember, etc., and will often try to clearly articulate short, common words that are usually weakly stressed in English: has, and, was, to, etc.

English, of course, is prevalent in India, and for this reason Hindi learners may well be extremely fluent. Nevertheless, native-English speakers often have difficulties understanding them because of the combination of the pronunciation problems listed above and the use of Hindi intonation patterns. (In Hindi emphasis is accomplished by higher pitch rather than by the heavier articulation that typifies English.) The result of this is the sing-song effect that English spoken by Hindi learners often has on native-English speakers.

Further difficulties for learners attempting to produce spoken English that sounds natural are the unpredictability of English word stress, the elision of weak syllables and the insertion of consonants (liaison). Examples:

  • yesterday - tomorrow (word stress)

  • Whatsa time? - Quar t' t' four! (elision)

  • more (r)and more / not (t)at all (liaison)

English is a stress-timed language.† Its intonation patterns, therefore, are different from those of syllable-timed languages like French, Spanish or Hindi. This accounts for the heavy English accents that many native speakers of those languages retain even after years of speaking English and the acquisition of flawless grammar.
If you have an early production ELL who this language is their L1, what would be the most important thing you will teach them in regards to the difference between their language and English? First, I will teach them the alphabet sounds including vocabulary. As they learn the alphabet, I will teach them how to use the vocabulary words in sentences, since in Hindi the writing order is very different. Meanwhile the students will learn how to write in English.
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