Buddhism "Awakened One" (Buddha)

Name:_______________________________________________________________ Period:________

Buddhism

"Awakened One" (Buddha): Prince Siddhartha Gautama, who would one day be known as the Buddha, began his life as a prince in a kingdom in ancient India. 

Prince Gautama (Buddha) was born about 553 BCE. He had parents who loved him, many servants to wait on him, the finest clothes, and a different palace for each season of the year. Yet, he found his world full of suffering. It upset him that painful old age, sickness, and death were all part of life in this world. 

One day, he met a monk. He was amazed that this monk could find calm and peace in a world filled with such sufferings. That day he made a very difficult decision. He decided to leave his wealth, his comfort, his wife, and his newborn son, to become a monk.

For the next six years he traveled throughout India. But the answers he found were not enough. One day, while sitting under a fig tree, an understanding came to him. This understanding was a way to end suffering. That was the day Prince Siddhartha Gautama began to earn a new title, the Buddha, which means "Awakened One" or “enlightened one”. 

Four Noble Truths: His journey to find the meaning of life had concluded. The Buddha realized that life is ruled by Four Noble Truths:

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  Life is filled with suffering
  
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  Suffering is caused by people's wants.
  
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  Suffering can be ended if people stop wanting things, like more pleasure or more power. 
  
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  To stop wanting things, people must follow 8 basic laws, called the Eightfold Path.
  

Eightfold Path: In brief, these are the laws of the Eightfold Path:

(symbol: Dharma wheel)

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  To intend to resist evil
  
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  To not say anything to hurt others
  
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  To respect life, property, and morality
  
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  To work at a job that does not injure others
  
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  To try to free one's mind from evil
  
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  To be in control of one's feelings and thoughts
  
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  To practice appropriate forms of concentration
  

The Middle Way: The Eightfold Path was designed to guide people without making life too strict or too easy. The Middle Way is the name Buddhists call lives guided by the laws of the Eightfold Path.

Buddha spent the rest of his life traveling around India and sharing his message with everyone. He had many followers, who lived according to his Four Noble Truths. Some of his followers became Buddhist monks. They gave up all they owned and depended on other followers and kind hearted people to give them food. Their message was one of love. 

After the Buddha's death in 483 BCE, Buddhism spread rapidly throughout Southern and Eastern Asia.  

Proverbs: Buddhists everywhere live by Buddha's teachings, which were written down as proverbs. Here are two of Buddha's proverbs, from an ancient Buddha text, written in about 100 BCE (Over 2000 years ago!

The Laughing Buddha: Have you ever seen a ceramic or carved representation (a statue) of the Buddha, perhaps in a Chinese restaurant, or for sale in a store, or in your home or garden? Have you ever wondered why the Buddha is laughing? 

The laughing Buddha reminds us that to be happy we need to have a loving heart. A big heart gives you tolerance. It helps you to greet each day with joy and all people with gladness. It helps you to tolerate a great many things with a big happy smile that reaches your eyes and your heart. 

Buddha says that the best way to solve a problem we might have with someone else is to have a warm and loving heart. By not being resentful, by not bearing grudges, only then are we able to smile like the Buddha - only then can we be truly happy.

The Goal - To Become The Greatest Person in the World: Buddhism teaches that being the greatest is an absolute achievement free of comparison. What does that mean? It means that to be the greatest is not an achievement that can be attained through competition. You can't win greatness - but you can achieve it. That means everyone can be the greatest.

Here's an example: For a healthy ant to successfully carry one grain of rice is a great achievement. For a healthy horse to successfully carry one grain of rice is not all that terrific. The ant has put his best effort into his job. It has fulfilled its purpose as an ant. When this truth is achieved, the ant is no longer just an ant. The ant has moved into the realm of Truth - it has become the greatest ant in the world.

Buddhism teaches that a person is successful not because he or she is better than someone else, and not because they received a higher grade on a test or won a Gold Medal at the Olympics, or beat out other ants to see who could carry the biggest and heaviest grain of rice. True achievement does not come from competition or comparison. A person (or an ant, or a horse) is successful because he or she has given their best within their means. For this reason, every single person can become the greatest person in the world, all at the same time.

The Growth of Buddhism: Buddhism values love, wisdom, goodness, calm, and self-control. Buddhists believe that The Buddha and his teachings should be honored, that people should try to end suffering, that they should follow the Eightfold Path. In T'ang times, people thought of Buddhism as a chart of behavior that they could follow to lead them to a life beyond the grave.

Today, Buddhism is a major world religion. There are over 300 million Buddhists in the world. His holiness the 14^th Dali Lama is the current spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism. He was exiled from China in 1949, and has lived in India ever since. In 1989 he won the Nobel Peace Prize. Since his exile, he has traveled the world, advocating for the welfare of Tibet, teaching about Tibetan Buddhism, and the importance of compassion as the source of a happy life.

On a separate sheet of paper answer the following questions in complete sentences:

1. 
   Where did Buddhism start? Who was the founder of Buddhism?
   
2. 
   Some of the major ideas of Buddhism are Reincarnation, nirvana,
   

and enlightenment. What do they mean?

3. 
   What are the four noble truths?
   
4. 
   In your own words, summarize the 8 fold path of Buddhism.
   
5. 
   What does the happy Buddha represent?
   
6. 
   How many Buddhists are there in the world?
   
7. 
   What country has the most Buddhists?
   
8. 
   Who is the spiritual leader of Buddhism today?
   

What does he discuss around the world?