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Chapter section Notes Kush powerful kingdom in East Africa that conquered Egypt
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tarix | 08.03.2018 | ölçüsü | 5,5 Kb. | | #30922 |
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Chapter 8 Section 2 Notes
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Kush – powerful kingdom in East Africa that conquered Egypt
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Aksum (South of Kush) – The legend traces the founding of Aksum and Ethiopian dynasties to the son of King Solomon (Israel) and Queen of Sheba
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Aksum became an important trading center
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It had influence over sea trade on the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean which made it very powerful
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Adulis (Chief Port in Aksum) – was visited by many including Egypt, Arabia, Persia, India, and the Roman Empire
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Aksum trades salt, Rhinoceros Horns, Tortoise shells, ivory, emeralds and gold
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In return they received cloth, glass, olive oil, wine, brass, iron, and copper
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Ezana occupied the throne at its height
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He expanded the empire – Yemen (Part of the Arabian peninsula), Kush and Meroe too
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Culture develops
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Arab and Kushite mixed culture and many ancient civilizations who visited through trading ports (cultural diffusion)
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Aksum were monotheistic (Belief in one God)
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Mahrem – is the god. The king is a direct descendent
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Animism – The belief that every living thing has a spirit. The honoring of dead ancestors and spirits.
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They offered sacrifices – sometimes as many as 12 oxen at a time
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Cultural diffusion led to the spread of Christianity
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Coptic church of Egypt
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Ethiopian Orthodox Church – more than 22 million members
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Architecture
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Used stone instead of mud bricks – No mortar was used
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They carved stones to fit together tightly (Like Egyptians)
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Huge stone pillars called Stelae celebrating the kings conquests and to demonstrate their greatness
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Language and Agriculture
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Ge’ez – The language brought to Aksum by Arab inhabitants
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Egypt, Meroe, and Aksum were the only areas to have a known written language
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It was the first state south of the Sahara to mint its own coins (Money)
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Coins made of gold, silver and bronze – “May the Country be Satisfied.”
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Terrace Farming – Step like ridges constructed on mountain slopes which helped retain water and prevented its crops from being washed away during heavy rainfall
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They dug canals to channel water from mountain streams into the fields
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Dams and Cisterns (holding tanks) were used to store water.
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The Fall of Aksum
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Aksum existed for 800 years
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Arabian invaders who practiced Islam conquered Aksum
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Originally, Aksum was left alone because they had protected Muhamad’s family and followers during his rise to power
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Eventually, Aksum adults were destroyed
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710 marked the end of trading power and connection to the Christian world
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Aksum moved its capital to escape from the advancing wave of Islamic invaders
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Geographic isolation and depletion of arable land led to their decline as a world power
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