Define early childhood social emotional development Explore the role of early brain development on trajectories of development Describe policy implications for Part C systems
Young children are: - Young children are:
- Being kicked out of child care settings
- Showing the impacts of maternal depression
- Dealing with multiple family risks (parental substance abuse, domestic violence and mental illness)
No national epidemiological data No national epidemiological data Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: 10% of all kindergarten children show problematic behavior Rates are two to three times as high in low-income samples Clinical level problems are lower (4-10%)
Inter-relatedness of domains Intimately tied to caregivers’ mental health Core tasks: - Attachment
- Behavior
- Competence
Connections between neurons are strengthened through repeated exposure/use Connections between neurons are strengthened through repeated exposure/use Connections that are not used often are pruned away Environmental influences shape the architecture of the brain
Frequent, regular, predictable Frequent, regular, predictable Occur in the context of warm, supportive relationships Are associated with positive emotions Involve several senses Early Childhood Resource Center, RTI
The social, emotional and behavioral well-being of young children and their families The social, emotional and behavioral well-being of young children and their families The developing capacity to experience, regulate, express emotion Form close, secure relationships Explore the environment and learn Adapted from ZERO TO THREE
Extent to which the temperament of the child is compatible with the environment, expectations and demands Extent to which the temperament of the child is compatible with the environment, expectations and demands
Positive Stress: normative, helps in development Positive Stress: normative, helps in development Tolerable Stress: outside the normal range, one time events, buffered by caregivers Toxic Stress: prolonged activation of the stress response system, in absence of buffering adult
Specific aspects of parenting behavior: Specific aspects of parenting behavior: - Maternal responsivity
- Maternal sensitivity
- Emotional availability
- Negative mood (intrusive/hostile)
- Inconsistency in discipline
- Modeling negative affect
- Inability to assist with emotional regulation
Mothers’ well-being Mothers’ well-being - Decreased Maternal Self-Efficacy
Fathers’ well-being Infant development - Emotion dysregulation
- Cognitive and language delays
- Increased risk for psychopathology
Mother-infant interaction - Mothers: understimulating or overstimulating
- Infants: Less responsive, more gaze avoidant, more distress
Address the mental health needs of young children and their caregivers in context of their network of services and supports Address the mental health needs of young children and their caregivers in context of their network of services and supports
Need to address complex, multi-factorial problems that evolve over time and across settings Need to address complex, multi-factorial problems that evolve over time and across settings - Focus on caregivers (parents and child care providers)
Lack of fit between increasing specialization & real needs of young children & their caregivers Requires integration & adaptation of evidence-based practices (EBP)
Infused Into Natural Settings and Services Infused Into Natural Settings and Services - Stand-alone early childhood mental health systems won’t work
Grounded in Developmental Knowledge Risk & Resilience - Building family and community assets
Dyadic interventions Dyadic interventions Two-generation models Family systems framework Relationships between MH and other service systems Relationships with stakeholders in systems building
Growing number of evidence-based prevention and treatment models Growing number of evidence-based prevention and treatment models - Developed through rigorous scientific experiments
- Need for adaptation for local context, but with eye to fidelity
- Difficulties in bringing these to scale
How to value “practice-based evidence” and “family wisdom”
Developmental and social-emotional screening in primary care and early care and education programs Developmental and social-emotional screening in primary care and early care and education programs High quality training on social-emotional development for Part C providers and child care community Dissemination of information promoting healthy social-emotional development
Screening for caregiver depression Screening for caregiver depression Mental health consultation in child care and integration of MH into Part C systems Social skills curricula (i.e., Second Step)
Positive Behavioral Support Positive Behavioral Support Intensive mental health consultation in homes and child care settings to support children with IFSPs Relationship-based therapy (e.g., PCIT) In-home treatment for children with mental health diagnoses and depressed caregivers
Consider how current eligibility criteria and procedures for Part C reflect the fundamentals of early childhood social-emotional development Consider how current eligibility criteria and procedures for Part C reflect the fundamentals of early childhood social-emotional development Broaden networks of providers who are screening families (caregivers and children) for social-emotional risks Establish cross-sector competencies for all providers working with young children and families Support integration of mental health consultants in Part C systems
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