Diabetes is a life-long chronic disease. Diabetes is a life-long chronic disease



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Diabetes is a life-long chronic disease.

  • Diabetes is a life-long chronic disease.

  • It is also the 7th leading cause of death in the US.

  • It deals with high blood sugar and a lack of insulin.

  • Type 1: In type 1 diabetes the patients are not able to produce insulin. Type 1 is only found in about 5% of people of with diabetes.

  • Type 2: In type 2 diabetes the patients are able to produce insulin however, their bodies build up a resistance toward the insulin.



Diabetes was a well known disease by the 17th century.

  • Diabetes was a well known disease by the 17th century.

  • Apollonius of Memphis was the first physician to actually call diabetes, diabetes.

  • If a patient was diagnosed with diabetes before the 20th century it was the same as a death sentence.

  • During the 1900’s the first know treatment was starvation.



In 1920’s lack of insulin was pinpointed as a symptom of diabetes.

  • In 1920’s lack of insulin was pinpointed as a symptom of diabetes.

  • In 1944 an insulin syringe was developed in order to make diabetes more controllable.

  • In 1990 external insulin pumps were created for own use.

  • In 1993 doctors started to use glucose tablets.



Type 1 diabetes currently does not have any known cure.

  • Type 1 diabetes currently does not have any known cure.

  • Type 2 diabetes however, is manageable and the effects can be suppressed.

  • Type 2 diabetes can be easily controlled with proper diet, exercise, and a few pills.

  • Type 1 and type 2 both need medicine and insulin pumps to control glucose and insulin.



The closest thing to the artificial pancreas right now is an insulin pump.

  • The closest thing to the artificial pancreas right now is an insulin pump.

  • The artificial pancreas take the insulin pump to a new level by adding real-time monitoring systems.

  • The other technology we have is when the patients pricks themselves to check their blood sugar levels.



The artificial pancreas is not an actual pancreas

  • The artificial pancreas is not an actual pancreas

  • The idea of the artificial pancreas came in 2005 from Dr. Edward R. Damiano

  • He met with Dr. Steven Russell in order to design and get a medical perspective on his proposed idea.



The artificial pancreas is going to make the lives of diabetes much more manageable.

  • The artificial pancreas is going to make the lives of diabetes much more manageable.

  • It uses a computer attachment to the insulin pump to continuously measure glucose in the blood and insulin in the body.

  • It then uses algorithms to increase the insulin levels as the body needs it.



In 2005 three diabetic pigs were used as experimental trial.

  • In 2005 three diabetic pigs were used as experimental trial.

  • After successful results, the first human trials were ran.

  • The human trails were also a success and the FDA has recently approved the continuation of this project.

  • Currently the University of Cambridge is running a 70 person trial in Europe.



The University of Viginia is also running test of their prototype here in the US.

  • The University of Viginia is also running test of their prototype here in the US.

  • Patients take the artificial pancreas home without any monitoring from doctors.

  • As of right now, it seems that the artificial pancreas is working perfectly in the human trials.

  • Estimated time of release to public is between 18 months to 4 years.

  • Estimated Cost: $8000 (without insurance)



The artificial pancreas has four parts in order to make it work.

  • The artificial pancreas has four parts in order to make it work.

  • There is a glucose sensor and transmitter that measures the glucose levels every minute.

  • It transmits the information to a receiver that displays the glucose levels for the patients.

  • This is connected to a small computer which calculates how much insulin is needed.

  • Then via Bluetooth the small computer tells the insulin pump to release the proper amount of insulin into the patient.





The limitations I see from this device is that it is battery powered.

  • The limitations I see from this device is that it is battery powered.

  • Another problem I see is that if the algorithm ever messed up it doesn’t seem to have a back up system.

  • Finally, my last concern is what would happen if the Bluetooth signal is lost between the insulin pump and the small computer.



In the future I am hoping that they can make the artificial pancreas smaller and more convenient.

  • In the future I am hoping that they can make the artificial pancreas smaller and more convenient.

  • They are looking for a way to stabilize the battery.

  • Create a back up or alert system in case Bluetooth signal is ever lost.

  • I would also like to see them make the algorithms more accurate .



http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/61/9/2230.full

  • http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/61/9/2230.full

  • http://www.diabetes.co.uk/artificial-pancreas.html

  • http://uvahealth.com/services/endocrine-system/conditions-treatments/artificial-pancreas-project

  • http://advocacy.jdrf.org/our-work/artificial-pancreas-project/

  • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002194/#adam_001214.disease.causes

  • https://www.jdrf.org.uk/research/overview-of-research-programme/treat/artificial-pancreas/what-is-an-artificial-pancreas

  • http://www.mayo.edu/research/discoverys-edge/can-artificial-pancreas-normalize-type-1-diabetes



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