Documents\Palladium-contents. Pdf

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This report contains the collective views of an international group of
experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy
of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour
Organization or the World Health Organization.
Environmental Health Criteria 226
PALLADIUM
First draft prepared by Dr Christine Melber, Dr Detlef Keller and Dr Inge
Mangelsdorf, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Aerosol Research,
Hanover, Germany  
Please note that the layout and pagination of this pdf
file are not necessarily identical to those in the
printed EHC
Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations
Environment Programme, the International Labour
Organization and the World Health Organization, and
produced within the framework of the Inter-Organization
Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals.
World Health Organization
Geneva, 2002

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WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Palladium.
(Environmental health criteria ; 226)
1.Palladium  -  toxicity  2.Palladium - adverse effects  3.Environmental
exposure
4.Occupational exposure  5.Risk assessment  I.International Programme for
Chemical Safety  II.Series
ISBN 92 4 157226 4    
                     (NLM classification: QV 290)
 
ISSN 0250-863X
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iii
CONTENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR
PALLADIUM
PREAMBLE
x
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
xx
1.
SUMMARY
1
1.1
Identity, physical and chemical properties and 
analytical methods
1
1.2  
Sources of human and environmental exposure
1
1.3  
Environmental transport, distribution and
transformation
2
1.4  
Environmental levels and human exposure
3
1.5  
Kinetics and metabolism in laboratory animals
and humans
4
1.6  
Effects on laboratory mammals and in vitro test
systems
6
1.7  
Effects on humans
10
1.8  
Effects on other organisms in the laboratory
and field
12
2.
IDENTITY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL 
PROPERTIES AND ANALYTICAL METHODS
 14
2.1  
Identity
 14
2.2 
Physical and chemical properties
14
2.2.1
Palladium metal
14
2.2.2
Palladium compounds
14
2.3  
Analytical methods
18
2.3.1
Sample collection and pretreatment
18
2.3.2
Reference materials
22
2.3.3
Analysis
23

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