~ 623 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(4): 623-625
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2016; 4(4): 623-625
© 2016 JEZS
Received: 21-05-2016
Accepted: 22-06-2016
Mustafayeva Gulzar Aligeydar
PhD, Institute of Zoology,
Azerbaijan National Academy of
Sciences, Baku c, Azerbaijan
Correspondence
Mustafayeva Gulzar Aligeydar
PhD, Institute of Zoology,
Azerbaijan National Academy of
Sciences, Baku c, Azerbaijan
The Species Composition of Scales and of
Armored Scales (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) in
Azerbaijan
Mustafayeva Gulzar Aligeydar
Abstract
The article presents faunistical research data on both scales and armored scales that are wide spread in
Azerbaijan. Among the whole number of those identified, 52 species of Coccoidea including 11 species
of scales (Coccoidea, Diaspididae) and 8 species of armored scales (Coccoidea, Lecaniidae) were found
for the first time in Azerbaijan’s fauna.
Keywords: pest, scales, armored scales, fauna, species composition, new species
Introduction
The representatives of the order Hemiptera (Homoptera) have a special place among the pests
of agricultural crops and of decorative plantings. Both scales and armored scales (Coccoidea),
which are members of that order, make big damages to agricultural crops and to decorative
plants. They suck out juices from the plant there by causing desiccation, atrophy and
abscission of leaves, dry down of branches, distortion of leaves, fruits and offshoots, and
reduction of the annual amount of growth in plants.
They seriously aggravate condition of agricultural crops, as well as greatly reduce both quality
and quantity of the harvest sometimes even leading to its complete loss. The decorative and
forest-park culture saffected by the mentioned invaders lose their beauty, and when a mass
infestation comes, they dry out completely. The mentioned pests reproduce with significant
speed causing great damage to plants and leading to their death on occasions. Many of those
species are polyphagous with high fertility rate and with ecological plasticity, which allow
them to spread out widely and to cause much harm to the plants.
There were very little studies done on the fauna of scales and armored scales of Azerbaijan.
The original information came from the research of E.S. Arutyunova and V. Kh. Rusanova
[1,
17]
. A. Imamkuliyev reported some data on scales and armored scales affecting fruit trees and
subtropical cultures in the Lankaran area of Azerbaijan
[5, 6]
. R.A. Beybutov presented
information about parasites of brown soft scale wide spread in Azerbaijan
[2, 3]
. L.M. Rzayeva
mentions in her monograph some species of scales and armored scales common in Azerbaijan
[18, 19]
. G.A. Mustafayeva in her publications writes about scales and armored scales as hosts of
some species of Aphelinidae
[7-10]
. Same author reports about certain biological peculiarities of
both Japanese wax scale and globose scale, as well as about scales of decorative crops
[11-13]
.
The works of G. A. Mustafayeva, V. P. Kamarli, G. M. Aslanova, B.A. Ahmedov, D.V.
Mustafayev, N.A Hasanov, and S.B. Ahmedov specify data related to fauna of armored scales
and scales of Guba-Khachmaz area in Azerbaijan
[14, 15]
. G. A. Mustafayeva, I. Karaca, G.J.
Statas, M.S. Ozgekce and P.J. Skouras discuss the fauna of scales harming park and decorative
cultures in Azerbaijan, Turkey and Greece
[16]
.
Material and methods
The entomological material has been collected from natural and cultural biocoenoses using
common methodology (Borchsenius, 1950; Shapiro, Tryapitsyn, Shepetilnikova, 1982)
[4, 20]
.
The pests have been collected during individual and complex faunistical expeditions and
research trips. The preparation and development of entomological material has been done in
the Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, namely in the
Laboratory of Introduction of Useful Insects and Principles of Biological Control. Both scales
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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
and armored scales have been stored with excised parts of the
plants. In order to determine the plant species along with the
pest, there were prepared herbaria from different types of
plants, after which the specific Latin name of each plant was
identified.
Results and Discussion
As a result of the number of years of faunistical research in
Azerbaijan, there have been detected 33 species of scales
belonging to 21 families
[7-9]
. That number has included 11
species found in Azerbaijani fauna for the first time:
Lepidosaphes granati (Koroneos)
, Aulacaspis rosae (Bouche)
,
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti)
, Carulaspis
visci (Schrank.),
Carulaspis minima (Targioni-Tozzetti),
Adiscodiaspis
tamaricicola
Malenotti,
Diaspidiotus
caucasicus (Borchsenius)
, Tecaspis prunorum (Borchsenius),
Tecaspis asiatica Balachowsky,
Aonidia lauri Bouche.
,
Lopholeucaspis yaponica Cock
[10, 11]
.
Both systematic list and species composition of scale insects is
given in Table 1 below. The new species of scales for
Azerbaijan are marked with an asterisk (*).
Table 1: Generic and species composition of scales (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) in Azerbaijan
Genuses of scales
Species of scales
1. Parlatoria Targioni – Tozzetti, 1868
Parlatoria oleae (Colvee, 1880)
Parlatoria ziziphi(Lucas, 1853)
2. Leucaspis Targioni – Tozzetti, 1868
Leucaspis pusilla Low., 1883
3. Lepidosaphes Shimer L., 1868
Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lepidosaphes gloveri(Packard, 1869)
Lepidosaphes ficus Sign.,1870
Lepidosaphes granati (Koroneos, 1934)
*
4. Cornuaspis Mac Gillivray, 1921.
Cornuaspis beckii(Newman,1869)
5. Unaspis Mac Gillivray, 1921.
Unaspis evonymi (Comstok,1881)
6. Aulacaspis Cockerell, 1893.
Aulacaspis rosae (Bouche,1833)
*
7. Pseudaulacaspis Mac Gillivray, 1921.
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1885)
*
8. Carulaspis Mac Gillivray, 1921.
Carulaspis visci (Schrank,, 1781)
*
Carulaspis minima (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1868)
*
9. Adiscodiaspis Marchal,1909.
Adiscodiaspis tamaricicola Malenotti
, 1916
*
10. Chrysomphalus Ashmead, 1880.
Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morqan, 1889)
11. Kuwanaspis Mac Gillıvray, 1921.
Kuwanaspis hovardi (Cooley, 1898)
12. Aonidiella Berlese et Leonardi, 1895
Aonidiella citrine (Coquillet, 1891)
13. Aspidiotus Bouche, 1833.
Aspidiotus nerii Bouche, 1937
14. Temnaspidiotus (Siqnorett, 1869)
Temnaspidiotus destructor (Siqnorett, 1869)
15. Epidiaspis Cockerill, 1899
Epidiaspis leperii Siqnorett, 1869)
16. Tecaspis Hall.,1929.
Tecaspis prunorum (Borchsenius, 1939)
*
Tecaspis asiatica Balachowsky, 1954
*
17. Diaspidiotus Berlet Leon, 1895.
Diaspidiotus slavonicus (Qrenn., 1934)
Diaspidiotus pyri (Lichtenstein, 1881)
Diaspidiotus gigas (Theim and Gerneck., 1934)
Diaspidiotus ostreaformis (Curtis,1843)
Diaspidiotus caucasicus (Borchsenius, 1935)
*
Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstok, 1881)
Diaspidiotus prunorum (Laing., 1931)
18. Salicicola Lindinger, 1905.
Salicicola kermanensis (Lindinger, 1905.)
19. Diaspis Costa, 1828.
Diaspis echinocacti ( Bouche, 1933)
20. Lopholeucaspis Cockerell, 1897
Lopholeucaspis yaponica Balach., 1953
*
21. Aonidia Targioni-Tozzetti, 1868.
Aonidia lauri (Bouche, 1833)
*
Based on the number of years of research of Azerbaijani fauna,
there have been also detected 19 species of armored scales
belonging to nine families
[7, 8]
. Of that number, eight species
have been discovered in Azerbaijan’s fauna for the first time:
Eulecanium rufulum Ckll.
, Eulecanium rugulosum (Arc.)
,
Pulvinaria aurantii, Ckll.
, Pulvinaria artemisiae Sign.
,
Pulvinaria pistaciae Bod.
, Saissetia oleae (Bern.)
, Ceroplastes
sinensis Guer.,
Physokermes piceae (Sch.). Those species are
marked with two asterisks (**).
Both systematic list and species composition of scale insects is
given in Table 2 below.
Table 2: Generic and species composition of armored scales (Hemiptera, Lecaniidae) in Azerbaijan
Genuses of armored scales
Species of armored scales
1. Coccus L., 1758.
Coccus hesperidum L. 1758
Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuw., 1914)
2. Eulecanium Ckll., 1896
Eulecanium bituberculatum Targ.,1869
Eulecanium rufulum Ckll.,1903**
Eulecanium rugulosum (Arc, 1937)**
3. Parthenolecanium Sulc., 1908
Parthenolecanium corni (Bouche, 1844)
Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius, 1776)
4. Sphaerolecanium Sulc., 1908
Sphaerolecanium prunastri Fonscolombe, 1873
5. Rhodococcus Borchs.,1953.
Rhodococcus turanicus (Arch., 1937)
6. Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti, 1869
Pulvinaria betulаe (L. 1758)
Pulvinaria aurantii Ckll., 1896 **
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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Pulvinaria floccifera (Westw., 1870)
Pulvinaria artemisiae Sign, 1873 **
Pulvinaria pistaciae Bod, 1926**
7. Saissetia Depl, 1865.
Saissetia oleae (Bern, 1782)**
Saissetia hemispaerica (Targ., 1867)
8. Ceroplastes Gray, 1830.
Ceroplastes yaponicus Green, 1921.
Ceroplastes sinensis Guer., 1900.**
9. Physokermes Targ., 1869.
Physokermes piceae (Sch., 1801)**
Conclusions
1. As a result of the unique and complex study of Hemiptera
(Coccoidea) in Azerbaijan, there were detected 52 species of
both scales and armored scales. 33 species among them were
found to be scales (Coccoidea, Diaspididae) which belong to
21 genus. The remaining 19 species were found to be armored
scales (Coccoidea, Lecaniidae) which belong to nine genuses.
2. Among all of the 33 identified species of scale insects
(Hemiptera, Diaspididae), 11 species were found in
Azerbaijan’s fauna for the first time. The genus Diaspidiotus is
represented by seven species, and the genus Lepidosaphes is
represented by four species. The genuses Parlatoria,
Carulaspis and Tecaspis are represented by two species in
each of them respectively. Each of the 16 genuses has only one
species. Majority of species discovered were polyphagues,
eight species were monophagues, and six species were
oligophagues.
3.Among all of the 19 identified species of armored scales
(Hemiptera, Lecaniidae) eight species were found in
Azerbaijan’s fauna for the first time. The genus Pulvinaria is
represented by five species, the genus Eulecanium is
represented by three species. The genuses Coccus,
Parthenolecanium, Saissetia and
Ceroplastes are represented
by two species in each of them respectively. Each of the
genuses Rhodococcus and Physokermes has only one species
in them. Only Pulvinaria pistaciae, Pulvinaria artemisiae and
Physokermes piceae species were monophagues while the
remaining species were either oligophagues or polyphagues.
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