Fiqh us-Salat Sunan Acts within Salah

Fiqh us-Salat

• Sunan Acts within Salah

Topics:

• Review: Shurut, Arkaan, Waajibaat

• Importance of Sunnah in Islam

• Sunnah in Islamic Jurisprudence

• Sunan of Salah

Review

Shurut of Salat

• 1- Islam

• 2- Sanity

• 3- Reaching age of Maturity

• 4- Ritual Purity from Major and Minor Impurities

• 5- Purity of Body, Clothes and Place

• 6- Covering of the ‘Aurah

• 7- Knowledge that time of prayer has begun

• 8- Facing the Qiblah

• 9- Intention

Arkaan in Salat

• 1- Standing straight for prayer

• 2- Opening Takbir

• 3- Reciting Surah al-Fatihah

• 4- Bowing (ruku’)

• 5- Rising from bowing and standing straight

• 6- Prostration (sujood)

• 7- Sitting between the two prostrations

• 8- The final Tashahhud

• 9- Sitting for the final Tashahhud

• 10- Saying the salutation

• 11- Having tranquility during all of these acts

• 12- Performing the above in the correct order

Waajibaat in Salat

• 1- All other takbeers

• 2- Saying Subhaana Rabbi al-’Adheem during Ruku’

• 3- Saying Sami-Allahu liman hamidah when rising from Ruku’ (for both imam and follower)

• 4- Saying Rabbana wa-lakal hamd after rising from Ruku’

• 5- Saying Subhaana Rabbi al-’Alaa during Sujood

• 6-Saying Rabbigh firli between two prostrations

• 7- Saying the first Tashahhud (in a 3 or 4-unit prayer)

• 8- Sitting for the first Tashahhud

• 9- Salutations on the Prophet

Sunnah in Islam

Importance of Sunnah in Islam

• “And whatever the Messenger gives you, take it, and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it” (59:7)

• “Whoever obeys the Messenger verily obeys Allah” (4:80)

• “Whenever Allah and His Messenger have decided a matter, it is not for a believing man or woman to follow another course of his or her own choice” (33:36)

Sunnah in Islamic Jurisprudence

• Scholars of Usul al-fiqh

• -

• Scholars of Fiqh

• -

• -

• Scholars of Hadith

• -

• -

Sunnah is of three types…

• 1-prescription of duties as mentioned in the Qur’an

• 2-clarification of Qur’an and Will of Allah

• 3-rulings on matters not found in Qur’an

Sunan of Salat

Sunan of Salat

• 1- Raising hand for the first takbir

• -hands raised to the shoulders, fingertips parallel to the ears, palms open

• -other times where hands should be raised:

• --before going into ruku’

• --after coming up from ruku’

• --after rising from first sitting (in a 3/4-unit prayer)

• -Hanafi: raise hands only at the first takbir

Sunan of Salat

• 2- Placement of hands during standing

• -right hand over left wrist and forearm, or right hand grasping left wrist and forearm

• -hands can be placed on the chest, above the naval, or below the naval

• 3- Position of feet during prayer

• -straight, pointing towards the qibla

Sunan of Salat

• 4- Sight

• -look towards his/her place of prostration with eyes open

• permitted to close eyes if it increases concentration, or if one is distracted by keeping eyes open (ibn Qayyim)

• -not permitted to raise eyesight towards the sky/above

Sunan of Salat

• 5- Opening Supplication

• 6- Saying ‘aoudhu billah…’

• -should only be recited in first rakah before…

• 7- Saying ‘bismillah…’

• [rukn: Surah al-Faatihah]

• 8- pausing after each ayah in Surah al-Faatihah

Sunan of Salat

• 9- Reciting Surah al-Faatihah in congregation

• -remain silent when imam is reciting out loud

• -recite in the pause between al-fatiha and surah

• -if imam does not pause, then recite al-fatiha in the heart while concentrating on the surah

• -recite al-fatihah in 3rd and 4th units of prayer individually

Sunan of Salat

• 10- Saying Ameen out loud/silently

• 11- Quranic recitation after al-Faatihah

• 12- Making the recitation beautiful, but not innovating tones or trying to sing Qur’an (Muslim)

• 13- Recitation in first rak’ah longer than recitation in second rak’an (Bukhari, Muslim)

Sunan of Salat

• Ruku (Bowing)

• 14- Qualities of Ruku

• -The Prophet, when he bowed, would be straight, his head neither up nor down (with respect to the hips), and he would place his hands on his knees as if he was holding them" (Nasa'i)

Sunan of Salat

• 15- Dhikr in Ruku

• Say Subhana rabbi al-’adheem at least once (this is obligatory)

• Sunnah to say it three times

• Read any dhikr if you want, as long as it is not Qur’an

• 16- Rising from Ruku

• -[Sami-Allahu liman hamidah] - obligatory

• -[Rabbana wa-lakal hamd] - obligatory

Sunan of Salat

• 17- Going into Sajdah

• Knees before hands, or hands before knees?

• 18- Qualities of Sajdah

• -fingers together and facing qibla (Bukhari)

• -nose, forehead, palms, knees, and toes touching the ground

• -palm parallel to shoulders and thumbs parallel to ears

• -elbows spread away from body and not touching the floor (Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi)

Sunan of Salat

• 19- Dhikr in Sujood

• Say Subhana rabbi al-’ala at least once (this is obligatory)

• Sunnah to say it three times

• Read any dhikr if you want, as long as it is not Qur’an

Sunan of Salat

• 20- Sitting between prostrations

• -sit on left foot with right foot upright with toes pointing towards the qiblah

• -fingers slightly separated and should not go beyond the knees

• -The Prophet would lay out his left foot and keep his right foot upright (Bukhari, Muslim)

• -say Rabbighfirli at least once (sunnah three times)

Sunan of Salat

• 21- Rising from Sujood into standing position

• -Knees before hand, or hands before knees?

• 22- Second unit of prayer same like first with following exceptions:

• -no ‘Opening Supplication’

• -preferable not to recite ‘aodhubillah…’ before Surah al-Faatihah

Sunan of Salat

• The Sitting and Tashahhud

• -important note!

• 23- Raising and pointing the index finger

• Hanafi: raise it when saying ‘La ilaaha’ and drop it when saying ‘ilallah’

• Shafi’i: raise index finger upon saying ‘ilallah’

• Hanbali: raise index whenever you get to ‘Allah’

• Maliki: raises his finger without moving it and continues pointing it until he makes taslim

Sunan of Salat

• 24- Prayers on Prophet

• -to be mentioned after last Tashahhud of prayer

• -most common du’a:

• 25- Du’a before salutation (tasleem)

• -’O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the torment of the Hell-fire and the grave, from the trials of life and death, and from the trials of the false Messiah’ (Muslim)

Sunan of Salat

• 26- Final salutation (tasleem)

• -first tasleem: pillar

• -second tasleem: sunnah

• -most common opinion:

• 27- Individual dhikr after prayer

• -Seek forgiveness 3 times and then say ‘O Allah you are peace and from you is peace. You are filled with good, O Sublime and Honorable One’ (Muslim, Bukhari)

Sources

• 1- Fiqh us-Sunnah: Sayyid Sabiq

• 2- Prayer of the Prophet by al-Albani

• 3- www.IslamToday.com: Sheikh Salman al-Oudah

• 4- Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence: Muhammad Hashim Kamali