Focus 10/28 Focus

10/28 Focus

• 10/28 Focus

• Conflicts during the Warring States Period at the end of the Zhou Dynasty led many people to question the nature of society and people’s role in it.
• The effort to make sense of the chaos led to the creation of new Chinese philosophies

• Do Now:

• Describe one effect that the Silk Roads had on ancient China

Warfare broke out between nobles at the end of Zhou dynasty

• Warfare broke out between nobles at the end of Zhou dynasty

• Led to period of upheaval and chaos
• People began to think about the best way to restore:
• Social order
• Harmony
• Respect for authority

551 BC- 479 BC

• 551 BC- 479 BC

• Known as Kongfuzi

• Chinese teacher and philosopher

• Philosopher
• A person who offers theories or ideas on “big questions”

• Developed a theory of how to establish stability in China

Confucius believed that:

• Confucius believed that:

• People are naturally good
• People should treat each other humanely
• Importance of education in creating good, stable government
• Need for educated civil servants
• Individual must find and accept their proper place in society

Believed society should be organized around five basic relationships

• Believed society should be organized around five basic relationships

• Ruler -----Subject
• Father-----Son
• Husband----Wife
• Older Brother----Younger Brother
• Friend----Friend

Example:

• Example:

• Rulers should practice kindness and virtuous living
• Subjects should be loyal and law abiding

• Stressed importance of:

• Family
• Filial Piety
• Children should respect their parents and elders
• Worship ancestors
• Patriarchal society
• Education

Book containing Confucius thoughts on how to improve society

• Book containing Confucius thoughts on how to improve society

• Became the basis for Chinese civil service exams and bureaucracy

• Government workers

Cornerstone of Chinese tradition and culture

• Cornerstone of Chinese tradition and culture

• Adopted by most Chinese

• preserved patriarchal society

• Spread to areas that were under China’s control or influence

• Korea and Vietnam

What is Filial Piety?

• What is Filial Piety?

• What impact did Confucianism have on China?

• The Master [i.e. Confucius] said, “In serving his parents the filial son is as reverent as possible to them while they are living. In taking care of them he does so with all possible joy; when they are sick he is extremely anxious about them; when he buries them he is stricken with grief; when he sacrifices to them he does so with the utmost solemnity. These five [duties] being discharged in full measure, then he has been able [truly] to serve his parents.”

10/30 Focus:

• 10/30 Focus:

• The Qin adopted the philosophy of legalism and used it to maintain strict control of the Chinese population
• Lao Tzu encouraged people to seek a balance with nature by following the Taoist philosophy

• Do Now:

• Filial Piety was one of Confucius’s main teachings . What is filial piety?

Founded by Han Feizi

• Founded by Han Feizi

• Lived during the Warring States period

• Became the political philosophy of the Qin Dynasty

Human nature is naturally selfish; humans are by nature evil

• Human nature is naturally selfish; humans are by nature evil

• Rulers needed to be strong and govern through force

• Laws must be strict and based on rewards and punishments to maintain order

• Supported harsh penalties
• Branding and mutilation for minor crimes

Placed little value on education

• Placed little value on education

• should be controlled by government

• Ideas needed to be strictly controlled

• Rulers should burn all writings that are critical of the government

• War is needed to strengthen the rulers power

Founded by Lao Zi

• Founded by Lao Zi

• Began during the Warring States Period

• Stressed importance of balance in nature

• Yin
• Yang

“The Way”

• “The Way”

• The Tao
• A universal life force that is present in nature
• Guides all things
• Human understanding of nature and harmony achieved by following “the way”

Believed that education and politics are not necessary for harmony

• Believed that education and politics are not necessary for harmony

• Natural flow of events would solve problems

• Rely on senses and instincts

• Stressed importance of individuals and less government

How was Legalism used by the Qin to control the people of China?

• How was Legalism used by the Qin to control the people of China?

• What role does balance play in the Daoist teachings?

10/31 Focus:

• 10/31 Focus:

• China’s river valley civilizations laid the foundations of Chinese culture. Important Chinese philosophies , Confucianism, legalism, and Taoism developed.

• Do Now:

• Identify one difference between legalism and Confucianism

What are two natural barriers that influenced the development of civilization in China?

• What are two natural barriers that influenced the development of civilization in China?

• Identify one effect these barriers had on China

What is this structure

• What is this structure

• What does it tell us about the Chinese view of the outside world?

What trade route is shown in this map?

• What trade route is shown in this map?

• What impact did it have on China?

Explain the process that is shown in this image?

• Explain the process that is shown in this image?