Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa Physical Geography of Africa Cultural Geography of Africa Historical Geography of Africa African Sub-regions
1. Continent dominated by it’s plateau character 1. Continent dominated by it’s plateau character 2. Majority of people depend on farming for their livelihood
3. High amount of disease (malaria, sleeping sickness, aids) 3. High amount of disease (malaria, sleeping sickness, aids) 4. African boundaries drawn by Europeans at the beginning of the colonial period 5. Economic development in scattered areas
6. Rich in raw materials vital to industrialized economies 6. Rich in raw materials vital to industrialized economies 7. Inter-regional connections are poor 8. Africa has been a place of competition and conflict between major powers
9. Highest population growth despite diseases & food shortages 9. Highest population growth despite diseases & food shortages 10. Contrasting areas from civil wars to stability
Lying astride the equator Lying astride the equator Between the Atlantic/Indian and Mediterranean On the periphery of the land hemisphere - 4500 miles from east to west
- 4800 miles from north to south
Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa Physical Geography of Africa Cultural Geography of Africa Historical Geography of Africa African Sub-regions
Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Plateaus Deserts Mountains Rivers Lakes Climates
Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics - core for the super continent Gondwana
- deep gorges & trenches resultant from continental movement
- rift valleys or hugh parallel cracks or faults
Plateaus - plateau land mass where altitude moderates the tropical heat Plateaus - plateau land mass where altitude moderates the tropical heat - average of at least 1000 ft.
- half of continent is over 2500ft.
Basins - Congo, Djouf, Kalahari & Sudan
Deserts - The Sahara Desert - the world’s greatest desert
- The Kalahari Desert
- The Namib Desert
Mountains Mountains - no mts. of continental size
- Atlas Mountains
- Drakenberg Mts.
- Abyssian Highlands
- Volcanic Peaks of East Africa such as Mt. Kenya & Mt. Kilimanjaro
- Great Escarpment (Zaire to Swaziland)
Rivers Rivers - The Nile (Abyssian Highlands to Mediterranean)
- The Niger (highlands of Guinea to delta of Nigeria
- The Congo River (Dem. Rep. Of The Congo)
- The Zambezi - (Zaire/Zambia boundary (Lualaba River) to Lake Malawi delta
Lakes Lakes - Lake Victoria
- Lake Tanganyika
- Lake Malawi (Nyasa)
- Many of the rivers in Africa occupy the trenches cutting through the East African Plateau
Climates Climates - Symmetrical about the equator
- rainy tropical climates of equator
- savanna lands of trees with grass
- steppe lands of only grass
- arid conditions of Sahara & Kalahari Deserts
- med. zones at extremities
Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa Physical Geography of Africa Cultural Geography of Africa Historical Geography of Africa African Sub-regions
Population - Population
- Languages
- Agriculture
- Economics
- Religion
Population Population - 763 million
- concentrations in Nigeria, Lake Victoria & South Africa
- high mortality rates of Sahel, Ethiopia, West Africa
- poor soils,
- inadequate precipitation
Population Characteristics - Birth rates 40/1000
- Death rates 15/1000
- Natural Increase 25/1000
- Infant Mortality 91/1000
- Doubling Time 27 years
- Pop <15 44%
- Pop > 65 3%
Languages Languages - Diversity of African Languages indicating isolation over long periods of time
- Dozens of languages in a single country
- 1/7 of the inhabited world with 1/3 of the the languages
Languages Languages - divides North Africa & Africa South of the Sahara
- Afro-Asiatic north of Sahara
- Niger Congo languages in the south
- Malayo Polynesian in Madagascar
- Germanic in South Africa
Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture Agriculture - nomadic herding
- per capita food production decreasing
Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa Physical Geography of Africa Cultural Geography of Africa Historical Geography of Africa African Sub-regions
Pre European Prelude Pre European Prelude - the absence of written history
- Trade with places like Timbuktu
- East Africa trade with China, India Indonesia & Arabs
Colonial Transformation - 1600s series of coastal stations & forts
- trade with African middlemen for slaves, gold, ivory & spices
- Arabs had slave trade long before Europeans
Colonial Transformation (continued) Colonial Transformation (continued) - 30 million slaves deported from Africa all over world
- European presence brought a reorientation of external trade
- interior states decline -
- Penetration into the interior not until mid of 1800's
- 400 years later European carved up Africa
- Belgium Congo
- Portuguese Angola & Mozambique
- French western Africa (France still maintains influence)
Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa Physical Geography of Africa Cultural Geography of Africa Historical Geography of Africa African Sub-regions
bulge Lake Chad to Senegal to coast to Sahara) bulge Lake Chad to Senegal to coast to Sahara) large desert states to the north smaller coastal states most populated region cultured area coastal location favorable for trade
Nigeria Nigeria - Moslem north
- mid area poor unproductive & disease
- oil reserves in the Niger delta
- urbanization 29%
- capital Abuja in center
highland plateau Africa - savanna highland plateau Africa - savanna Lake Victoria 3 major countries come together Tanzania - largest country with 24 million
- country with out a prime core area
- African socialism
- cooperatives & new villages
- cotton north/ tea south
Kenya 22.8 million Kenya 22.8 million - good agricultural areas
- strong core area
- capitalist state
- Nairobi/Mombassa
- tourism
- pop. increase 4.2 % annually
- doubling time is 17 years
- by 2025 4 times as many as today (83 million)
- over 1/2 pop under 15
- average 8 kids per woman
Uganda Uganda - 16.2 million
- military regime of Amin 1971-1979
- 75,000 Asians evacuated & commercial system fell apart
- death by violence 300,000
- economy still in shambles & fragmented
Burundi & Rwanda 12 million
Zaire, Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic Zaire, Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic Gabon Equatorial Guinea Zaire 33 million & 900,000 sq. miles - wealth within the basin rim
- river system nuetralized by rapids
- independence in 1960
Gabon Gabon - modest oil reserves, forests & lots of minerals
Cameroon - self sufficient in food, oil reserves
South Africa South Africa - the dominant political & economic force& military
- the continent's richest in minerals
- gold, chromium, diamonds, platinum,
- coal and iron ore.
- political influence in Southern Africa
- operates ports in Mozambique
- assistance programs in Malawi
- mediterranean agriculture wool
- plateau country
South Africa South Africa - southern tip
- 471,000 square miles
- 34.7 million
- great ethnic diversity English, Boers, (5 mill)
- colored (3 mill)
- Asians, 1 mill Indians & blacks (25 million)
- Dutch founded Cape Town in 1652
- 1800 the British
- Boer War 1899-1902 Afrikaners
- labor for sugar plantations & mines
South Africa South Africa - Johannesburg 2.2 mill (gold field)
- Pretoria 1 mill
- apartheid ( apart - hate) separateness
- Afrikaners policy in 1948
- minimize contact of ethnic groups
- homelands
- immigrant workers
- government- today must concentrate on keeping control
Zambia Zambia - landlocked
- copper in south
- Zimbabwe chrome/asbesto
- steppe
- 9.6 million
- considerable economic potential
- Independence in 1980
- Malawi's core in south
Mozambique - exit for Malawi, Zimbabwe and South Africa
- cashews & coconut
- 14.7% Urbanized
- Independence in 1975
Angola conflict with South Africa in Namibia while Angola conflict with South Africa in Namibia while - fighting an insurgent state in the south
- central part of it's own territory.
- Oil
- coffee
- independence in 1975
Namibia Namibia - copper, lead & zinc steppe
Lesotho - mountainous enclave surrounded by South Africa
- poor & landlocked
Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa Physical Geography of Africa Cultural Geography of Africa Historical Geography of Africa African Sub-regions
Africa in the New World Order Africa in the New World Order African Cultures African Natural Environments Four subregions of Africa South of the Sahara Traditional, colonial & modern landscapes Future Prospects
Africa in the New World Order Africa in the New World Order African Cultures - tribes & kingdoms
- religious influences
- colonial impacts
- independence outcomes & prospects
African Natural Environments African Natural Environments - tropical climates
- changing climates
- ancient rocks, plateaus & rifts
- ancient landscapes
- forests savannas & deserts
- resources
- enviromental problems
Four subregions of Africa South of the Sahara Four subregions of Africa South of the Sahara - Central Africa
- countries, people,economics, politics
- Western Africa
- countries, people,economics, politics
- Eastern Africa
- countries, people,economics, politics
- Southern Africa
- countries, people,economics, politics
Traditional, colonial & modern landscapes Future Prospects
Traditional, colonial & modern landscapes Traditional, colonial & modern landscapes - Urban landscapes
- Colonial Cities
- New Cities
- Rural Landscapes
- Future Prospects
Future Prospects Future Prospects - legacy
- tribal kingdoms & slavery
- European colonization
- Independence & Economic Colonialism
- Poor Governent & Internal Strife
- Population Growth
- Global Warming
Future Prospects Future Prospects - Disappointments Failure of Inappropriate Policies
- False Economies of Large-Scale Projects
- Currency Exchange Rates
- Slow Results from Structural Adjustment
Future Prospects Future Prospects - Disappointments
- Failure of Inappropriate Policies
- False Economies of Large-Scale Projects
- Currency Exchange Rates
- Slow Results from Structural Adjustment
Future Prospects Future Prospects - Basic Needs
- education
- infrastructure
- Internal or external impetus
African Subregions African Subregions African Cultures African Natural Environments Traditional, colonial & modern landscapes Future Prospects
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