European Scholar Journal (ESJ)
Available Online at: https://www.scholarzest.com
Vol. 2 No.
5, MAY 2021,
ISSN: 2660-5562
98 | P a g e
HISTORY OF SAMARKAND GARDENS BUILT BY AMIR TEMUR
Kamoliddin G’aniev
Samarkand State University,
Associate Professor of History of Uzbekistan
Article history:
Abstract:
Received:
2
th
April 2021
In the article on the basis of sources landscape gardening art and architecture
of the period of Amir Temur the end of the 14th and 15th centuries is studied
and
analyzed
Accepted:
20
th
April 2021
Published:
9
th
May 2021
Keywords:
Garden landsckape art, the method of “Chorbog”, planned decision of the gardens, art construction, Rui
Gonzales de Klavixo, sources
The city of Samarkand became known to the world in the late 14th and 15th centuries. The great master Amir
Temur and the Temurids carried out beautification work in Samarkand. In particular, due to the gardens built during
the reign of Amir Temur and Mirzo Ulugbek, the region has become a beautiful oasis, and it should be noted that this
fact was in the spotlight of historians and tourists of that time.
The history of the gardens in Samarkand, built by Amir Temur, has been studied by many scholars and is still
being studied. In particular, the history of the gardens created
in the medieval Movarounnahr, along with such
historians as B.Akhmedov, U.Uvatov, G.Karimov, G.A.Pugachenkova, U.Alimov, MS Tokhtakhodjaeva, MSBulatov, D.A.
It has been studied by such architects and art historians as Nozilov, AS Uralov, KD Rakhimov. [Pugachenkova G.A.
Sadovo-parkovoe iskusstvo Sredney Azii v epoch Timura i timuridov. // Trudy SAGU, new series.
Humanitarian
science. - T .: 1951; Alimov O' History of horticulture in Movarounnahr in the Middle Ages. - T., 1984; Toxtaxodjaeva
M.S. Obshchie v arhitekturno-planirovochnyx priyomax sadovo-parkovogo iskusstva Sredney Azii XIV-XV vv. and Indii
XVI-XVII vv. // Culture of the Middle East. Gradostroitelstvo and architecture. - T .: 1989; Bulatov M.S. Sady and park
Temura and temuridov. // Maskan, №1-2, 1993; Nozilov D.A. Chorbog. - T .: 1997; A.S.Uralov, M. Xojixonov. Timurid
spirituality and culture. Samarkand .: 1996; K.D.Raximov, A.S.Uralov. Garden-park art of Eastern countries. - T .:
2013.
In particular, in the book "Garden and park art of the East" by KD Rakhimov and AS Uralov, Garden Naqshi
Jahon, Garden Behisht, Amirzoda Shohrukh Garden, Garden Dilkusho, Garden Wind, Garden Boldu, Garden Baland,
Garden Davlatabad, Garden Chinor In addition to information about such gardens as Garden of the World, Garden of
Zaghan, Garden of the Square, Garden of Nav, Takhti Karacha, there is also information about the compositions and
styles of these gardens. During the reign of Timur, Samarkand architects and gardeners effectively used the
composition of gardens in the traditional Iranian "garden" style ... Central Asian garden-park art is reflected in a new
form in the time of Timur and the Timurids. During this period, the planning solutions, styles and volumetric-spatial
views of the gardens were developed in a completely new style in accordance with the requirements of the Timurids.
These gardens, symmetrically and regularly arranged in
a square or rectangular shape, located on the main axis,
consisting of a palace, a "garden" and
a swimming pool, are popularly called "gardens". It is said that the ancient
“charbog” style belonged to medieval garden-park art, and that this art was revived
thanks to Amir Temur and
influenced the “regional schools” of other countries. ”[1]
Contemporary historians and tourists have provided Amir Temur with very interesting information about the
gardens built in Samarkand in the late 14th and 15th centuries. The ambassador of Castile and Leon (Spain), Ruyi
Gonzalez de Clavijo, who visited Samarkand in September-November 1404, gives the following information about the
Samarkand gardens. “... the city is covered with gardens and vineyards, which in some places stretch for 1.5 and in
some places for 2 miles; there are streets and squares between these parks, and they are very crowded ... There are
more dwellings outside the city than inside the city. In these gardens outside the city, luxurious and luxurious houses
have been built ... There are so many gardens and vineyards that when you come to the city, you see a forest of tall
trees, in the middle of which stands the city. Canals run through the city and parks, where water is constantly flowing.
Melons and cotton are grown in the areas between these gardens. This country melon is very good and productive.
On New Year's Eve they will have so many melons and grapes that you will be amazed to see them; countless melon
caravans are brought on camels every day. You can't help but be amazed to see so many melons being sold and
consumed. ”[2]
Ryui Gonzalez de Clavijo's "Diary" (translated by the late Professor Achil Togaev)
contains important
information about the gardens of Samarkand during the reign of Amir Temur, published in the collection "In memory
of Amir Temur and Ulugbek's contemporaries" under the scientific editorship of academician B. Ahmedov. In