Gnu, Linux and Open Source gnu kernel

GNU, Linux and Open Source

• GNU

• Kernel

• GNU/ Linux

• OpenSource

GNU - GNUs Not Unix

• GNU (pronounced g'noo) is a free operating system

• GNU was invented by Richard Stallman in 1983 at MIT

• Stallman quit his job at MIT so that they could not claim ownership and interfere with distributing GNU as free software

GNU – GNU/ Linux

• The members of the GNU project tried to build their own kernel (HURD) to get a fully functional free operating system

• In 1992, GNU was combined with a free Unix-compatible kernel called LINUX

• It is distributed as GNU/Linux

• Suse, Debian/Linux, Red Hat

• In 2005, the distributer Debian released the first GNU with its own kernel HURD

• Debian HURD

GNU/ Linux - develpoers

KERNEL – the core

• a kernel is the core of an operating system

• its responsible for providing secure access to the machine's hardware and to various computer processes

KERNEL – the core

KERNEL – types

• monolith kernel

• (UNIX, Linux, MS/DR- DOS)
• more powerful
• Drivers and modules are embedded in to the kernel which improves the speed of a OS

• microkernel

• (WinNT 4, Mac OS X )
• less powerful
• provides a small set of simple hardware drivers and uses external applications to provide more functionality

• hybrid kernels

• (Windows 2000, Windows XP, etc)

• others

LINUX-KERNEL

• In 1991, Linus Torvalds (Finland) wrote a Unix-compatible kernel (v0.01)

• LINUX (LINUs uniX)

• It was available for free, but copyrighted on the Internet

LINUX-KERNEL

• 1993 it became a part of GPL (General Public License)

• Single person and group developers started distributing GNU/Linux systems as standalone OS

LINUX-KERNEL

• 1993 it became a part of GPL (General Public License)

• Single person and group developers started distributing GNU/Linux systems as standalone OS

GPL – General Public License

• GPL was released in January 1989

• The latest version of the license, v2, was released in 1991

GPL – grants

• the freedom to run the program for any purpose

• the freedom to study how the program works and modify it

• (Access to the source code is a precondition for this)

• the freedom to redistribute copies

• the freedom to improve the program, and release the improvements to the public (Access to the source code is a precondition for this)

Win vs. Linux startup

Win vs. Linux prompt

Win vs. KDE environment

OpenSource – free as in free speech

• Its source code is published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify and redistribute the source code without paying royalties or fees

• Since the early 1960s most software was developed in an open source manner

OpenSource – examples

• General:

• Linux (kernel)

• KDE/ GNOME (desktop environment)

• Apache (webserver)

• MySQL (database)

• OpenOffice.org (office)

• Mozilla (browser)

• GIS Software:

• UMN – MapServer (mapserver)

• Grass (GIS)

OpenSource – costs

• MICROSOFT/ ESRI:

LINKS

• http://www.wikipedia.com

• http://www.gnu.org

• http://www.kernel.org

• http://www.linux.org

• http://www.suse.com

• http://www.debian.org

• http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd