History of the music genre projects

History of the music genre projects

• History of the music genre projects

• LC genre projects update

• Genre/form update

• Medium update

• Examples of current and future practice

• How to use the music vocabulary now

• Implementation

• What to expect

• Conclusion

Completed projects

• Completed projects

• Moving image materials and radio programs
• Cartographic materials
• Law materials

• Genre/form terms for these disciplines are in LCGFT now. Can be used in bibliographic records coded as:

• 655 #7 [Term]. $2 lcgft

Authority records for LCGFT terms

• Authority records for LCGFT terms

• LCCN prefix: gf
• 008/11 (Subject heading system/thesaurus): z (“Other)
• 040 $f: lcgft

Projects in process

• Projects in process

• Religion project
• Joint project (PSD and the American Theological Library Association)
• Thesaurus nearing completion
• Literature project
• Joint project (PSD and the ALA Subcommittee on Genre/Form Implementation)
• Just begun
• Music project

General genre/form terms

• General genre/form terms

• Many genre/form terms do not belong to a particular discipline.
• Project in the works to create genre/form terms for many current form subdivisions (185s). (E.g., Biographies, Bibliographies, Correspondence.)

Many aspects of what we may consider genre/form are out of scope for LCGFT.

• Many aspects of what we may consider genre/form are out of scope for LCGFT.

• LCGFT terms cannot be subdivided geographically.
• Ethnicity, language, religion, chronology, and audience characteristics are also out of scope.

Many current subject headings acting as genre/form headings include these aspects

• Many current subject headings acting as genre/form headings include these aspects
• Examples
• Jazz $z Lithuania
• African Americans $v Music
• Songs, German
• Buddhist music
• Rock music $y 1961-1970
• Music $v Juvenile

The ALA Subcommittee on Genre/Form Implementation is working on finding places in the MARC record for these aspects.

• The ALA Subcommittee on Genre/Form Implementation is working on finding places in the MARC record for these aspects.

• MARBI discussion papers forthcoming.

Creating hierarchies for terms destined for LCGFT

• Creating hierarchies for terms destined for LCGFT

• Why hierarchies?

• LCGFT is meant to be a true thesaurus
• Each term should be linked hierarchically to at least one other term
• This structure will enable new ways of utilizing broader and narrower terms
• Illuminates aspects of vocabulary that need to be addressed

MARBI proposal at ALA Midwinter

• MARBI proposal at ALA Midwinter

• MARC Proposal no. 2012-01 (New Data Elements in the MARC21 Bibliographic and Authority Formats for Medium of Performance
• Presented two options for where to encode medium of performance information currently in subject headings
• Expanding field 382 (already established for medium of performance, but created as an RDA element)
• Creating a new field for medium of performance

MARBI approved option 1 (draft):

• MARBI approved option 1 (draft):
• 382
• 1st indicator: Display constant controller
• # – No information
• 0 – Medium of performance
• 1 – Partial medium of performance
• 2nd indicator: Access control (bibliographic format only)
• # – No information
• 0 – No access provided
• 1 – Access provided

$a – Medium of performance (R)

• $a – Medium of performance (R)
• $b – Soloist (R)
• $d – Doubling instrument (R)
• $n – Number of performers of the same instrument/voice in preceding subfield $a, $b, or $d (R)
• $p – Alternative medium of performance
• $s – Total number of performers (NR)
• $v – Note
• $0 – Record control number (R)
• $2 – Source of term (NR)
• $6 – Linkage (NR)
• $8 – Field link and sequence number (R)
• Example:
• 382 01 $a trumpet $n 2 $a trombone $n 2 $s 4 $2 [code for medium of performance list]
• A work for two trumpets and two trombones

List of medium terms

• List of medium terms

• Current working list has over 900 terms.
• Agreed upon:
• Singular nouns in most cases (e.g. flute; orchestra; but bongos)
• Increased granularity (e.g. soprano recorder; alto saxophone)
• Still working on:
• Terms for vocal music
• How to treat non-traditional mediums such as speakers, dancers, and operators of sound equipment

A duet for trumpet and trombone in no particular genre or form

• A duet for trumpet and trombone in no particular genre or form

• Current practice:

• 650 #0 $a Trombone and trumpet music.

• Upcoming practice:

• 382 01 $a trumpet $n 1 $a trombone $n 1 $s 2

A concerto for flute and orchestra

• A concerto for flute and orchestra

• Current practice:

• 650 #0 Concertos (Flute)

• Upcoming practice:

• 382 01 $b flute $n 1 $a orchestra
• 655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft

A waltz for flute, violin (or oboe, or clarinet), and piano

• A waltz for flute, violin (or oboe, or clarinet), and piano

• Current practice:

• 650 #0 Trios (Piano, flute, violin)
• 650 #0 Trios (Piano, flute, oboe)
• 650 #0 Trios (Piano, clarinet, flute)
• 650 #0 Waltzes.

Upcoming practice:

• Upcoming practice:

• 382 01 $a flute $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 3
• 382 01 $a flute $n 1 $a oboe $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 3
• 382 01 $a flute $n 1 $a clarinet $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 3
• 655 #7 $a Waltzes. $2 lcgft

A mass for 2 sopranos, one mezzo-soprano, tenor saxophone (doubling bass clarinet), C trumpet, piano, violin (doubling viola), and double bass

• A mass for 2 sopranos, one mezzo-soprano, tenor saxophone (doubling bass clarinet), C trumpet, piano, violin (doubling viola), and double bass

• Current practice:

• 650 #0 Vocal trios with instrumental ensemble.
• 650 #0 Masses.

Upcoming practice:

• Upcoming practice:

• 382 01 $a soprano voice $n 2 $a mezzo-soprano $n 1 $a tenor saxophone $n 1 $d bass clarinet $n 1 $a trumpet $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $d viola $n 1 $a double bass $n 1 $s 8
• 655 #7 $a Masses. $2 lcgft

A sound recording with three works in different genres and for different mediums.

• A sound recording with three works in different genres and for different mediums.

• Using $8 to link the analytical entries to the genre/form and medium fields that correspond
• NOTE: $8 has not currently been implemented outside of holdings records (that we know of).
• Not an ideal solution, but until information coded in work records can be pulled into displays for compilations, we’ll need a workaround.

The same as always!

• The same as always!

• Until music genre/form terms are in LCGFT and the medium of performance thesaurus is available, continue to construct music subject headings in 650s.

What is involved in implementing music genre/form and medium of performance vocabulary?

• What is involved in implementing music genre/form and medium of performance vocabulary?

• Creation of genre and medium authority records
• Updating authority files and maintenance
• Conversion of existing headings
• Indexing
• Search interfaces

• Are new fields needed in MARC authority format for medium?

• Who will create the records?

• Method

• Non-music facets

Map the topically-coded LCSH authorized headings to new genre and medium authorized headings

• Map the topically-coded LCSH authorized headings to new genre and medium authorized headings

• Flip the topically-coded headings in bibliographic records to new genre and medium fields

• This process will take some time, but it will eventually be completed

Reference record

• Reference record

• 1XX Sonatas (Marimba and piano)

• 2XX $i Medium use $a marimba $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2

• 2XX $i Genre use $a Sonatas

Indexing

• Indexing

• The genre/form (655) and medium of performance (382) fields should be included in any index where genre and medium terms will be used to retrieve results.

• Search interfaces

• Determine if your institution includes a genre search in the public catalog.

• What to do now

• Communicate to other technical service and systems librarians at your institution how important genre and medium access is for music.

Improved access to music materials

• Improved access to music materials

• Direct access by medium of performance
• Clearer and more specific vocabulary

• Examples: What a faceted search might look like

• Examples from the Media Finders created at Ball State University

Create authority records for new terms

• Create authority records for new terms

• Recommend system changes to accommodate terms (indexing, etc.)

• Plan conversion of existing headings

• Create best practices and training materials

• Announce terms are available for use

• Timeline 2012-2013?

Continue to use music subject headings as usual

• Continue to use music subject headings as usual

• Watch for updates and announcements

• LC site for music genre/form and medium http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/genremusic.html
• BCC Genre/Form/Medium project public wiki http://musicgenrepublicforum.pbworks.com/w/page/21942009/FrontPage

• Thank you!

• Contact us:

• Beth Iseminger [e-mail]
• Mark McKnight [e-mail]
• Hermine Vermeij [e-mail]