Homo Erectus Resource Package



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Homeroom:

7mc


Name (first and last):

Jaedon Chase




Homo Erectus Resource Package
In this package you will find:


  1. Homo Erectus article with references, further reading, and video links

  2. Homo Erectus questions


Instructions:

Read, highlight, make notes on the article. You can continue to use your notes page. If you’ve lost it or would like to make another one please download it from the Early People section of the course website. It is recommended that you look at some of the supplementary links and videos as well. Then, complete the Comparison Chart and the questions. You will need to use the information in this package but you can also use your knowledge from class discussion and your notes from class presentations and videos as well. An excellent place to look for information is on the Homo Erectus page of the Socials 7 Website found here:


http://collingwoodsocials7.weebly.com/homo-erectus.html
Assessment:

Questions

/25

Comments

Homo Erectus
As thousands of years went by, humans and the environment underwent many changes. From around 1.9 MYA to 150 000 years ago, a new type of species existed called Homo erectus or “upright man”. Scientist believe the species of early humans lived in small groups consisting of up to 20 to 30 individuals. They roamed over a wide area as they hunted migrating animals and foraged for plant based food sources. Fossils have been found showing that Homo erectus probably began living in Africa, but then migrated into Europe, Australia, and Asia over several generations. Homo Erectus type fossils discovered in different regions of the world still ignite debate with scientists about the specific lineage of each species. In fact, a recent article (see link at the end) even calls into debate whether Homo habilis and Homo erectus are even different species! For our purposes, however, we will use the term Homo erectus as an umbrella term for the following species:

- Homo Erectus

- Homo Ergaster

- Homo Heidelbergensis

- Homo Floresiensis


In terms of appearance, a Homo erectus was taller than previous hominids, and may have been as tall and heavy as modern humans. It was the first species to walk completely upright without stooping, which is how it got its name. The brain of a Homo erectus ranged in size from 880-1100 mL. This is significantly larger that the brain of a Homo habilis, but keep in mind that the body of this species is also notably larger. Their teeth were smaller than those of Homo habilis, but still larger than a modern human’s teeth. The skull was still very thick with a sloping forehead and a large eyebrow ridge. Homo Erectus also had a massive jaw, flat face, and no real chin. The large jaw and skull needed strong muscles to help keep the head upright. These muscles attached to a bony bump at the back of the head. From the neck down, however, Homo erectus looked strikingly similar to us.
Since Homo erectus had lager brains, they were also capable of new skills in communication, tool making, and fire building. Earlier hominids were not capable of speech, however, Homo erectus probably grunted sounds and combined simple words with gestures in order to communicate with one another. This newly developed intelligence and language helped Homo erectus to coordinate highly effective group hunting efforts. Bolas, or stones wrapped in skins tied together with leather thongs, have also been found with Homo erectus’ remains, providing more evidence that they possessed advanced hunting techniques. See the Socials 7 website for an excellent video of students using the Bola in action! Homo erectus also made more sophisticated hand axes that could cut through skin and muscle more effectively than previous tools. The hand ax was used for a variety of purposes, such as cutting, shaping tools, and digging.
The most outstanding achievement of Homo rectus was the ability to use, and eventually make, fire. Fossils of their remains have been found near fire-blackened hearths dating as far back as 360,000 years ago. Earlier hominids were probably frightened by natural fires in the grasslands, but Homo erectus gradually learned to take advantage of it. They used fire in hunting by catching frightened animals as they ran away from the flames. They also learned to cook with fire, most likely from noticing that animals burnt in natural fires made meat easier to cut and chew than when it was raw. At first, they probably could not make fires of their own. Instead, they would bring branches and other pieces of wood that had caught fire in natural ways, such as lightning or volcanic activity. They used the fire for light and warmth. Fire also enabled them to keep wild animals away and harden the tops of wood in spears. Eventually, they learned to make their own fires, using stone struck together to form a spark or by rubbing fire sticks together to create heat through friction until a flame was produced. It is with this new development of fire that Homo Erectus was able to live in a much wider range of environments and adapt to local conditions. This is how this species survive several thousand years during the Ice Age in Europe and how they were able to travel through such diverse regions. There is also compelling evidence that Homo Erectus was able to make advanced shelters and came back to certain camps year after year to take advantage of seasonal flora and fauna.
Article

http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/homo-habilis-erectus-were-the-same-species-study-suggests-1.2101556


Map

http://discovermagazine.com/2003/mar/featsurvivor#.Ul70iZTk84Y


Tools

http://www.history.com/news/did-homo-erectus-craft-complex-tools-and-weapons


Terra Amata

http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/behavior/terra-amata-shelter


Discover Magazine Article

http://discovermagazine.com/2003/mar/featsurvivor#.Ul70iZTk84Y



Homo Erectus

Using the article, “Homo Erectus”, your notes, the additional links above, and the videos and other resources from the Socials 7 website, please answer the following questions. Take note of how much each question is worth and make sure you fully answer the question. Good luck!


1. List and describe the ways in which Homo erectus used fire. (6)


  1. Warmth ( they could live more comfortably in that cold parts of the year)

  2. Light ( having light would have meant that homo erectus could work longer during the dark hours)

  3. To cook

  4. To keep wild animals away

  5. Harden the tops of wood in spears

2. List 4 locations Homo erectus fossils were found. (4)





  1. Africa

  2. Asia

  3. Europe

  4. Australia

3. Describe the Homo erectus’ tools and explain how they were different than Homo Habilis’ tools. (2)
Homo erects made Bolas and Spears. Bolas and spears helped Homo erectus hunt prey from a distance.

4. What did we learn about Homo erectus from the discovery of Terra Amata? (4)


The discovery of Terra Amata proved that early human made shelters. Also

5. Why did the Homo erectus choose this site to build Terra Amata? (3)


Homo erectus chose to build Terra amata were it is because there would have been lots of resources and essential needs. Also Terra Amata would have been in a place that is easy to defened
6. Why is Terra Amata so far above sea level today? (1)
Terra Amata is far above sea level because the earth’s plates sifted pushing up the site of Terra Amata.


True or False (5)

Circle/Highlight One

  1. Homo erectus the same as modern humans from the neck down

T

F

  1. Homo erectus were capable hunters




T

F

  1. Homo erectus were great long distance runners




T

F

  1. Homo erectus were more intelligent than Homo Habilis




T

F

  1. Homo erectus wore clothing




T

F



***Note*** Failure to hand in this sheet with your name and homeroom clearly written will result in a 1 mark penalty.


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