HOTELS ROOMS1 Table C.- Basic Indicators of Tourism and Hotels, Selected Years
|
1990
|
2000
|
-2001
2003 average
|
2008
|
2009
|
Population (millions, end of year)
|
4.8
|
6.4
|
6.6
|
7.4
|
7.5
|
Tourists arrivals (millions)
|
1.3
|
2.4
|
1.0
|
2.6
|
2.3
|
Rooms in tourist hotels (thousands, end of year)
|
30
|
46
|
47
|
48
|
48
|
Room occupancy (percentages)
|
56
|
60
|
45
|
66
|
60
|
Person-nights in tourist hotels –total (millions)
|
11.4
|
19.5
|
14.9
|
21.6
|
19.9
|
Thereof: tourist person-nights
(as a percentage of all person-nights)
|
51
|
49
|
22
|
47
|
41
|
During the decade 1990-1999, the number of rooms increased by 45%. The large number of rooms built at tourist hotels (recognized as such by the Ministry of Tourism) in the 1990s can be attributed to the substantial increase in incoming tourism from abroad and tourism of Israelis, as well as to the expectation for a peak number of tourists in 2000. The surge in construction of hotels halted in 2001, following the outbreak of the Second Intifada. In 2000-2009, the number of rooms in tourist hotels increased by only 4%.
Rooms in tourist hotels (about 336 hotels) comprised 77% of all accommodation rooms in Israel in 2009.
Other rooms were in other hotels (6%), youth hostels (2%), Christian hostels (2%), rural tourism accommodations (12%), and in field schools (1%).
The average number of rooms in tourist hotels increased from 34 at the beginning of the 1960s, to 142 in 2009.
In tourist hotels, the average number of beds per room is 2.4 compared to 3.7 in rural tourism accommodations, field schools, and youth hostels.
More than one-third of all rooms in tourist hotels are in the Southern District (including Elat and the Dead Sea shore). The rest are evenly distributed between the Jerusalem District, the Haifa and Northern districts, and the Tel Aviv and Central districts. By comparison, nearly 80% of the rooms in rural tourism are in the Northern districts.
Until 1996, the largest number of hotel rooms was in Jerusalem. Since 1997, the largest number of rooms is in Elat.
PERSON-NIGHTS
In 2009, there were 19.9 million person-nights in tourist hotels – a decrease of 8% compared with 2008 (21.6 million).
Person-nights in tourist hotels comprise about 80% of the total person-nights in all accommodation units.
In 2009, there were 8.1 million tourist person-nights – a decrease of 20% compared with 2008.
The number of Israeli person-nights rose steadily from 1990 to 2002 – from 5.6 million to 12 million, and remained stable until 2006. Since then, the number of Israeli person-nights has declined, and reached 11.4 million in 2008. In 2009, there was a slight increase (3.4%) in the number of Israeli person-nights at hotels, compared with 2008).
The fluctuations in the number of tourist person-nights were accompanied by fluctuations in the proportion of tourist person-nights out of all person-nights. In the 1990s, tourist person-nights comprised more than 50% of all person-nights; in 2001-2004, the proportion declined to less than 25%. Afterwards, the proportion rose steadily to 47% in 2008, and in 2009 it declined to 41%.
 
Nearly half (49%) of all Israeli person-nights in 2009 were in Elat. About 55% of the tourist person-nights were in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv-Yafo (32% and 23%, respectively). Tourist person-nights comprised about 80% of all person-nights in Jerusalem and in Tel Aviv-Yafo, while only 13% in Elat.
Rural tourism, which concentrated in the Northern District, declined sharply in 2006, following the Second Lebanon war. In 2007, there was a 7% increase in all person-nights, and an increase of about 20% in tourist person-nights compared with 2006. In 2008, there was an additional increase of 3% in all person-nights and 29% in tourist person-nights compared with 2007. In 2009 there was a decrease of 7% in all person-nights and a decrease of 19% in tourist person-nights compared with 2008.
ROOM OCCUPANCY1
From 1997 to 2000 room occupancy was 61%, on annual average; from 2001 to 2003 it was at a low of 45%, on annual average; since then it increased to 66% in 2008 – the highest rate since 1996. In 2009 the rate decreased to 60%.
In 2009, room occupancy ranged from 53% in the Northern District to 66% in the Southern District.
In cities where tourism is mainly foreign, such as Tel Aviv-Yafo and Jerusalem, room occupancy in the last decade was highly influenced by changes in the level of security in Israel and in the global economic status, and therefore unstable. In contrast, in Elat and on the Dead Sea shore these factors did not have a substantial impact on room occupancy, which remained relatively stable throughout the decade.
REVENUE1 AND EMPLOYMENT
In 2009, the revenue of hotels reached NIS 7.7 billion – 4% lower than the revenue in 2008 (NIS 8.0 billion). Revenue from tourists was NIS 3.2 billion in 2009 – 11% lower than the revenue in 2008 (NIS 3.5 billion). In 2009, revenue from Israelis2 was NIS 4.5 billion – 1% higher than in 2008.
In 2009, the share of revenue from tourists amounted to 41% of the total revenue. In 2000 the share of revenue from tourists was 45%. During the slump period in 2001-2004, the average share of revenue from tourists amounted to 26% of all revenue; in 2005-2006 it rose to 37%, in 2007 it reached 40%, and in 2008 – 44%.
The average revenue per tourist person-night was 101 dollars.
The average annual revenue per room was 42,000 dollars.
About 37% of the revenue of tourist hotels was obtained from hotels in Elat and the Dead Sea shore, and about 36% was obtained from hotels in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv-Yafo.
In 2009, revenue from rural tourism amounted to about NIS 438 million – a 5% decrease compared with 2008 (NIS 459 million in 2009 prices). The average price per person-night in rural tourism accommodations was NIS 208 – NIS 196 in kibbutzim and collective moshavim, and NIS 227 in private rural accommodations.
In 2009, about 26,000 people were employed in hotels, and additional 5,600 workers were hired by employment agencies. In recent years, the number of workers hired by employment agencies has increased – from 16% of all persons employed in hotels in 2006-2007, to 17% in 2008 and to 18% in 2009.
The average monthly wage per hotel employee was NIS 6,100, whereas the average monthly wage per worker hired by an employment agency was NIS 4,400.
INCOME, EXPENDITURE AND PROFIT1
In 2009, the profit of tourist hotels (surplus of income over expenditure)2 reached NIS 1.4 billion – over 19% of their income.
The income of tourist hotels derives from rental of rooms (about 50%), from food services for hotel guests and outside clients (about 40%), and from other sources such as operation of stores and clubs, and organization of events and conferences (about 10%).
Expenditures consist of labour costs (40%-45%), purchase of food (12%-16%), and other components such as: operating costs, administrative costs, taxes, rental, and publicity.
Food purchases constitute about 35% of the income from food, with the rate ranging from about 30% in high-level hotels to about 50% in popular hotels.
Expenditures for taxes, fees, and insurance comprise about 6% of the total expenditure (regardless of the level of the hotel); expenditures for publicity and sales promotion comprise about 3%; expenditures for culture and entertainment teams comprise about 1.5%; and expenditures for management comprise about 1.5% (ranging from 0.8% in popular hotels to 1.7% in high-level hotels).
Between 1991 and 2000, there was almost a steady increase in the revenue of hotels, accompanied by a concomitant increase in expenditures. During that period, the profits of hotels ranged from 10% to 19% of their income.
During periods of crisis in tourism, the income of hotels declines more rapidly than their expenditures. When a crisis begins, reservations are immediately cancelled. However, expenditures – particularly labour costs – do not decline as fast. In 2001, the income of hotels dropped by 25%, whereas expenditures dropped by only 18%.
In 2002, income and expenditures dropped by 11% each. The share of profit out of the total income dropped from 12% in 2000 to about 4% in 2002. Between 2003 and 2008, income and expenditures increased, but the increase in income was more rapid. This phenomenon is indicative of recovery.
In 2009 income decreased by 6%, and expenditures – by 4%. The revenue comprised 19% of the income.
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