lQ: To what extend can Germany be blamed for the War?
State your claim…./Argument-To a certain extend Germany can be blamed for starting for the following reasons, ………..1-2-3-. However, one country cannot be totally to blame because……….
In each Paragraph Support …Support your argument/ claim
Topic Sentence/ Incorporating Question Paragraph 1-Germany can be blamed for staring WWI because of Kaiser Wilhelm’s policy of Weltpolitik’s.
Explanation-Explain what Welt. Pol was
Evidence of what he did with this policy and how it caused tension)
Analysis-Refer back to the Question (keep your eye on the ball) If he had taken this approach……..maybe it would not have caused tension between Germany and Britain and they would not have formed an alliance against Germany. (the If he had done…..has to based on your knowledge /facts not hypothetical…)
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Wilhelm’s/ Caprivi (Chancellor) Policies of Weltpolitik’s-Colonial Aggression
Germany can be blamed for staring WWI because of Kaiser Wilhelm’s policy of Weltpolitik’s. 1890-Wilhelm II and German Chancellor Leo Von Caprivi t took German foreign policy on a new course of Weltpolitik. Weltpolitik was an aggressive foreign policy that hoped to make Germany a colonial power with an overseas empire like the British Empire. This new aggressive policy carried out by the Kaiser and the chancellor over turned Bismarck policy of Realpolitik’s which had carefully formed alliances to prevent Germany having to fight a war on both fronts. Bismarck had signed the re-insurance treaty with Russia but Kaiser Wilhelm had allowed this to lapse. Because of Kaiser aggressive colonial policies it caused tension between Germany B/F and Russian. …..Course of Weltpolitik-caused tension between Germany & Colonial powers Britain/France …..
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Wilhelm’s-Militarism
Topic Sentence-Another reason why Germany can be blamed for starting WWi was because of Germany’s militarism policy/laws.
Explain-Nobody readied themselves more for war prior to WWI than Germany
Evidence: -Naval Law-Naval Arms Race w/ Britain 1870-1914 (Caused Britain to form Alliances w/France/ Japan/Russia)-Two alliances formed…..
Buildup of greatest battleship-Dreadnought-Germany viewed by Britain as a threating enemy
Increase in standing army/ conscription introduced 1871
Increase in armament Germany biggest percentage increase
Analysis- …….
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Blank Cheque-Kaiser/ Chancellor-Hollweg-issued Austria-Hungarian Blank Cheque- German Guarantee of Unconditional Support-ALLIANCE
Germany did not exercise its power to restrain Austria-Hungary-
Kaiser-encouraged A-H to seize opportunity to attack Serbia
Distract from German Domestic problems-Increase support for the Kaisser
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The War Council 1912-War Council 1912-meeting of the Highest German Diplomats-Plans for war
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Violating Belgium Neutrality
Germany Attack France through Neutral Belgium
Thus escalated the War by Bringing in France
Localized dispute turned into involving all alliances
U.S –Belgium-Press
Counter Argument
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Austria-Hungaria-Ultimately to Blame--Demand of the A-H ultimatum to Serbia- very Sever
Serbs responded A-H said to late
Germany accepted Serbians responses-Kaiser stated that Serb response to Ultimate had removed the rational for war
However A-H still declared war
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Serbia-To Blame-carried out the Assassination
Historian Viewpoint
Barnes-France-Russia to blame
Balkans. Russia Dardanelles/ France Alsace-Lorraine
Fischer-Blames Germany-September Program- Written by Hollweg set out Germanys aim for domination of Europe
War wld allow them to fulfill expansionist aims
Consolidate their power at home and deal with the threat of Socialism
Q Analysis the main reasons for Germany’s defeat in WWI?
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Weak Allies-“ Germany shackled to a Corpse”
Allies-Austria-Hungarian Bulgaria-Defeated
Ottoman Empire—Surrender of Turkey October
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Germany’s Weakness-Failure of the -Schlieffen Plan/Verdun/Unrestricted Submarine Warfare-Failed
-Schlieffen Plan-Von Schlieffen’s war plan-Required the German Armies to sweep through northern France via neutral Belgium advance towards Paris then move eastwards to defeat the French forces. Then Troops move to eastern Front- to confront Russia
Plan failed –Explain WHY…. Belgium Resistance Attack on Belgium brought Britain into the war…..--Caused a Two Front War
-Battle of Verdun-Wear down France and Britain –Failed
-Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
-Failure of The Ludendorff Offensive critical 1918 offensive failed- critical to Germany’s defeat-
Watson-Ludendorff/Hindenburgs-defeat of offensive broken German armies will to fight
Ludendorff-armistice-October 1918
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Economic Situation in Germany at Home- In 1918
Supplies not reaching German army
German Population-Uprising-Revolution
Allied/British blockade-Germany-Lacked vital supplies /resources to fight because of the British blockade
Gov. ineffective-83% -military / 2% civilian
Shift away from production of Civilian Goods to Army-Agriculture-hard hit fell 70%
Russian Civil War-Disruption –resources
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Arrival of US troops-New soldiers/ massive economic/war resources-1917-huge advantage to Allies-Fresh U.S soldiers-Germany troops tired-worn out by this point-Germany Sent Zimmerman Note-Mexico to join on their side-They didn’t
300,000/month U.S Troops)
Allied Strengths/Success
Allied more men and resources-Allies-U.S troops joined 2 million U. S Troops 1918
Allies Successful-Maintaining the Control of the Sea/Blockade/Convoy system-
Greater Coordination of Efforts between the Allies nations-Using Modern Technology
U.S Economic Resources-$$$$/ Weaponry/ Warships-lent $ 7.7 billion
Historian-Hans Delbruck-Germany should have attacked east first then on western front –might have won
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