Introduction Production of Radioisotopes

• Introduction
• Production of Radioisotopes
• Some Commonly Used Radionuclides
• Tracer Applications
• Thickness Gauging
• Radioisotope Dating
• Radioisotope Applications in Space Exploration

The use of short-lived radionuclides has grown considerably, because larger dosages of these radionuclides can be administered to the patient with only minimal radiation dose and produce excellent image quality.

• The use of short-lived radionuclides has grown considerably, because larger dosages of these radionuclides can be administered to the patient with only minimal radiation dose and produce excellent image quality.

• A generator is constructed on the principle of the decay-growth relationship between a long-lived parent radionuclide and its short-lived daughter radionuclide

99Mo–99mTc Generator:-

• 99Mo–99mTc Generator:-

• The 99Mo radionuclide has a half-life of 66 hr and decays by β emission.

• The radionuclide 99mTc has a half-life of 6 hr and decays to 99Tc by isomeric transition of 140 keV.

• The extreme usefulness of this generator is due to the excellent radiation characteristics of 99mTc, namely its 6-hr half-life, very little electron emission, and a high yield of 140-keV γ rays (90%), which are nearly ideal for the current generation of imaging devices in nuclear medicine

should be simple, convenient, rapid to use, and give a high yield of the daughter nuclide repeatedly and reproducibly.

• should be simple, convenient, rapid to use, and give a high yield of the daughter nuclide repeatedly and reproducibly.

• It should be properly shielded to minimize radiation exposure, and sturdy and compact for shipping.

• The generator eluate should be free from the parent radionuclide and the adsorbent material.

• Other extraneous radioactive contaminants should be absent in the eluate.

• must be sterile and pyrogen-free. Elution or ‘‘milking’’ of the generator is also carried out under-aseptic-conditions

• Introduction
• Production of Radioisotopes
• Some Commonly Used Radioisotopes
• Tracer Applications
• Thickness Gauging
• Radioisotope Dating
• Radioisotope Applications in Space Exploration

• Introduction
• Production of Radioisotopes
• Some Commonly Used Radionuclides
• Tracer Applications
• Thickness Gauging
• Radioisotope Dating
• Radioisotope Applications in Space Exploration

Radioisotopes with short half-lives are used in nuclear medicine because

• Radioisotopes with short half-lives are used in nuclear medicine because

• they have the same chemistry in the body as the nonradioactive atoms.

• in the organs of the body, they give off radiation that exposes a photographic plate (scan) giving an image of an organ.

• Introduction
• Production of Radioisotopes
• Some Commonly Used Radionuclides
• Tracer Applications
• Thickness gauging
• Radioisotope Dating
• Radioisotope Applications in Space Exploration

First 14C date: wood from tomb of Zoser (Djoser), 3rd Dynasty Egyptian king (July 12, 1948).

• First 14C date: wood from tomb of Zoser (Djoser), 3rd Dynasty Egyptian king (July 12, 1948).

• Historic age: 4650±75 BP
• Radiocarbon age:
• 3979±350 BP

• Second 14C date: wood from Hellenistic coffin

• Historic age: 2300±200 BP
• Radiocarbon age: (C-?) Modern! Fake!

• First “Curve of Knowns”:

• 6 data points (using seven samples) spanning AD 600 to 2700 BC.
• Half life used: 5720± 47 years

Not all elements are radioactive. Those are the most useful for geologic dating are:

• Not all elements are radioactive. Those are the most useful for geologic dating are:

• U-238 Half-life = 4.5 By

• K-40 Half-life = 1.25 By

• Also, Sm-147, Rb 87, Th-232, U-235

• Introduction
• Production of Radioisotopes
• Some Commonly Used Radionuclides
• Tracer Applications
• Thickness Gauging
• Radioisotope Dating
• Radioisotope Applications in Space Exploration