Lecture on Flip-Flops Level-Sensitive Flip-Flop



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tarix11.10.2017
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Lecture on Flip-Flops


Level-Sensitive Flip-Flop

  • Level-sensitive flip-flop (also called a “latch”)

  • “Q” changes whenever clock is “high”



Level-Sensitive Flip-Flop

  • NMOS transistor often replaced with “transmission gate”

  • “Transmission gate” includes both NMOS and PMOS transistors because NMOS good at passing “0” and PMOS good at passing “1”



Master-Slave Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop

  • Can connect two level-sensitive latches in Master-Slave configuration to form edge-triggered flip-flop

  • Master latch “catches” value of “D” at “QM” when CLK is low

  • Slave latch causes “Q” to change only at rising edge of CLK



Master-Slave Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop



More Efficient Master-Slave Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop

  • Called a C2MOS (Clocked CMOS) design



Using Logic Gates to Build Flip-Flops

  • From previous slides, you can see that it’s possible to build an edge-triggered flip-flop using just 8 transistors

  • In a conventional “Digital Logic” course, transistor-level flip-flop designs are not usually taught

  • Instead, flip-flop designs using “cross-coupled” logic gates are usually taught



RS-Latch as Cross-Coupled NOR Gates

  • If R = 1, Q resets to 0

  • If S = 1, Q sets to 1

  • If RS = 00, no change

  • RS = 11 is not allowed because leads to oscillation



Level-Sensitive RS-Latch

  • “Q” only changes when CLK is high (i.e. level-sensitive)

  • When CLK is high, behavior same as RS latch



Level-Sensitive D-Latch

  • Make level-sensitive D-latch from level-sensitive RS-latch by connecting S = D and R = not D

  • Compared to transistor version



Master-Slave Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop



Alternative Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop



JK Flip-Flop from D-Latch

  • Same as RS-Latch except “toggle” on 11



Toggle Flip-Flop from D-Latch

  • Toggles stored value if T = 1 when CLK is high



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