Leptochitonidae

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Appendix 1

Checklist of the Irish Chitons
Short List:

LEPTOCHITONIDAE: Leptochiton asellus (Gmelin 1791)
LEPTOCHITONIDAE: Leptochiton cancellatus (Sowerby G.B. II 1840)
LEPTOCHITONIDAE: Leptochiton scabridus (Jeffreys 1880)
HANLEYIDAE Hanleya hanleyi (Bean in Thorpe 1844)
ISCHNOCHITONIDAE Ischnochiton albus (Linné 1767)
ISCHNOCHITONIDAE Callochiton septemvalvis (Montagu 1803)
ISCHNOCHITONIDAE Lepidochitona cinerea (Linné 1767)
ISCHNOCHITONIDAE Tonicella marmorea (Fabricius O. 1780)
ISCHNOCHITONIDAE Tonicella rubra (Linné 1767)
ACANTHOCHITONIDAE Acanthochitona crinita (Pennant 1777)
ACANTHOCHITONIDAE Acanthochitona discrepans (Brown 1827)
ACANTHOCHITONIDAE Acanthochitona fascicularis (Linné 1767)

Synonymy:

( = ) Synonyms

( ? ) Dubious synonyms

( ! ) Common mis-identifications
FAMILY: LEPTOCHITONIDAE

Leptochitonidae Dall, 1889

SUBFAMILY: LEPTOCHITONINAE

LEPTOCHITON Gray, 1847

Subgenus: LEPTOCHITON s.s.

(1) Leptochiton asellus (Gmelin 1791 : Chiton)

type locality: Norway

Chiton asellus Gmelin 1791
? Chiton cimicinus Spengler 1797

= Chiton fuscatus Leach 1852

= Chiton scoticus Leach 1852
(2) Leptochiton cancellatus (Sowerby G.B. II 1840 : Chiton)

Chiton cancellatus Sowerby G.B. II 1840
= Chiton tuberculatus Leach 1852

= Lepidopleurus sulci Baluk 1971

(3) Leptochiton scabridus (Jeffreys 1880 : Chiton)

Chiton scabridus Jeffreys 1880
= Leptochiton scabridus aremoricus Dell'Angelo & Palazzi 1986

FAMILY: HANLEYIDAE

Hanleyidae Bergenhayn, 1955: 33

HANLEYA Gray, 1857

(4) Hanleya hanleyi (Bean in Thorpe 1844 : Chiton)

Chiton hanleyi Bean in Thorpe 1844
= Hanleya debilis Gray J.E. 1857

= Lepidopleurus carinatus Dall 1927

= Hanleya dalli Kaas 1957

FAMILY: ISCHNOCHITONIDAE

Ischnochitonidae Dall, 1889

SUBFAMILY: ISCHNOCHITONINAE

ISCHNOCHITON Gray, 1847

(5) Ischnochiton albus (Linné 1767 : Chiton)

Chiton albus Linné 1767
? Chiton minimus Gmelin 1791

? Chiton oryza Spengler 1797

= Chiton aselloides Lowe 1825

= Chiton sagrinatus Couthouy 1838\

= Lophyrus albus var. infuscata Sparre-Schneider 1881
SUBFAMILY: CALLOCHITONINAE

CALLOCHITON Gray, 1847

(6) Callochiton septemvalvis (Montagu 1803 : Chiton)

Chiton septemvalvis Montagu 1803

! Chiton laevis Pennant 1777 -|- sensu Montagu, 1803

= Chiton achatinus Brown 1827

= Chiton euplaeae Costa O.G. 1829

? Chiton scytodesma Scacchi 1836

= Chiton doriae Capellini 1859

= Chiton laevis var. navicula Jeffreys 1865

= Callochiton achatinus euboecus Kattoulas, Koukouras & Economidis 1973

FAMILY: ISCHNOCHITONIDAE [cont’d]

SUBFAMILY: LEPIDOCHITONINAE

LEPIDOCHITONA Gray, 1821

(7) Lepidochitona cinerea (Linné 1767 : Chiton)

Chiton cinereus Linné 1767
= Chiton marginatus Pennant 1777

? Chiton cimex Gmelin 1791

? Chiton cimicinus Spengler 1797

= Chiton quinquivalvis Brown 1823

? Chiton fuscatus Brown 1827

= Chiton variegatus Philippi 1836

= Lepidopleurus carinatus Leach 1852

= Chiton variegatus Leach 1852

= Ischnochiton marginatus var. adumbrata Dautzenberg & Durouchoux 1906

= Ischnochiton marginatus var. albocarinata Dautzenberg & Durouchoux 1906

= Ischnochiton marginatus var. miniata Dautzenberg & Durouchoux 1906

= Ischnochiton marginatus var. nigrescens Dautzenberg & Durouchoux 1906

= Ischnochiton marginatus var. rubrocarinata Dautzenberg & Durouchoux 1906

= Ischnochiton marginatus var. straminea Dautzenberg & Durouchoux 1906

TONICELLA Carpenter, 1873

(8) Tonicella marmorea (Fabricius O. 1780 : Chiton)

Chiton marmoreus Fabricius O. 1780.
! Chiton ruber Linné 1767 -|- sensu Spengler, 1797

= Chiton laevigatus Fleming 1813.

= Chiton latus Lowe 1825.

= Chiton fulminatus Couthouy 1838.

= Chiton pictus Bean in Thorpe 1844.

= Chiton submarmoreus Middendorff 1847.

= Chiton flemingius Leach 1852.

= Chiton marmoreus var. caerulea Winkley 1894.

= Tonicella blaneyi Dall 1905.
(9) Tonicella rubra (Linné 1767 : Chiton)

Chiton ruber Linné 1767
= Chiton laevis Pennant 1777

! Chiton cinereus Linné 1767 | sensu Fabricius O., 1780

= Chiton minimus Spengler 1797

= Chiton incarnatus Reeve 1848

= Chiton latus Leach 1852

= Chiton ruber var. oblonga Jeffreys 1865

= Tonicella rubra var. index Balch 1906

= Tonicella beringensis Jakovleva 1951

= Tonicella granulata Jakovleva 1952

= Tonicella zotini Jakovleva 1952

= Tonicella beringensis lucida Sirenko 1974 .

FAMILY: ACANTHOCHITONIDAE

Acanthochitonidae Pacaud & Le Renard, 1995

SUBFAMILY: ACANTHOCHITONINAE

ACANTHOCHITONA Gray, 1821

(10) Acanthochitona crinita (Pennant 1777 : Chiton)

Chiton crinitus Pennant 1777
= Chiton onyx Spengler 1797

! Chiton fascicularis Linné 1767 -|- sensu Brown, 1827

= Chiton fascicularis var. minor Philippi 1836

= Acanthochaetes vulgaris Leach 1852

= Chiton fascicularis var. attenuata Jeffreys 1865

= Acanthochites adansoni Rochebrune 1881

= Acanthochites bouvieri Rochebrune 1881

= Anisochiton fascicularis var. violacea Pallary 1902 : nomen nudum

= Acanthochites fascicularis var. cinnabrina Dautzenberg & Durouchoux 1906

= Acanthochites fascicularis var. fusca Dautzenberg & Durouchoux 1906

= Acanthochites fascicularis var. lutescens Dautzenberg & Durouchoux 1906

= Acanthochiton oblongus Leloup 1981

(11) Acanthochitona discrepans (Brown 1827 : Chiton)

type locality: Tenby, Great Britain

Chiton discrepans Brown 1827

? Acanthochites aeneus Risso 1826

= Chiton gracilis Jeffreys 1859
(12) Acanthochitona fascicularis (Linné 1767 : Chiton)

Chiton fascicularis Linné 1767
? Chiton echinotus de Blainville 1825

? Acanthochites carinatus Risso 1826

= Acanthochites communis Risso 1826

= Chiton fascicularis var. major Philippi 1836

! Chiton crinitus Pennant 1777 -|- sensu Sowerby G.B. II, 1840

! Chiton discrepans Brown 1827 -|- sensu Sowerby G.B. II, 1840

= Chiton fascicularis var. rubra Issel 1870

= Acanthochites discrepans var. minorflava Monterosato 1878 nomen nudum

= Acanthochites hamatus Rochebrune 1882

= Anisochiton discrepans var. elongata Dautzenberg 1893

= Anisochiton discrepans var. marmorata Dautzenberg 1893

= Anisochiton discrepans var. nigrolineata Dautzenberg 1893

= Acanthochites discrepans var. albina Dautzenberg & Durouchoux 1900

= Anisochiton discrepans var. viridis Pallary 1902

= Acanthochites discrepans var. violaceolimbata Dautzenberg & Durouchoux 1906

= Acanthochiton discrepans var. angustivalva Bergenhayn 1931

= Acanthochiton heterochaetus Bergenhayn 1931

= Acanthochiton communis var. barashi Leloup 1969

= Acanthochitona bonairensis Kaas 1972

Appendix 2

Distribution of Irish Chitons

Distribution maps are not precise. Most records are at a fairly general level (e.g. Dublin Bay) but deemed specific enough for validation purposes. These maps are intended to give a broad picture of where species are found around the coast of Ireland and Britain.
On each sheet is a map, and a photograph illustrating a preserved specimen for each species. Numbers in brackets refer to the series as recorded on the Checklist (see Appendix 1).

(1) Leptochiton asellus

(2) Leptochiton cancellatus

(3) Leptochiton scabridus

(4) Hanleya hanleyi

(5) Ischnochiton albus

(6) Callochiton septemvalvis

(7) Lepidochitona cinereus

n.b. no distribution data were available for Great Britain

(8) Tonicella marmorea

(9) Tonicella rubra

n.b. no distributional data were available for Great Britain

(10) Acanthochitona crinita

n.b. no distributional data were available for Great Britain

(11) Acanthochitona discrepans

(12) Acanthochitona fascicularis

Appendix 3A

Molecular matrix

Sequence data used in cladistic analysis for all taxa. The following text is formatted as a ‘nexus’ file for processing by the standard cladistic analysis software, Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP).

#NEXUS

Begin data;

Dimensions ntax=25 nchar=3500;

Format datatype=dna interleave=yes gap=9 missing=?;

Matrix

L_CANCELLATUS 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

L_SCABRIDUS 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

H_HANLEYI 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

T_MARMOREA 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

T_RUBRA 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

A_DISCREPANS 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

I_ELONGATUS 9999CGCTCTT9TGTTA9TATA9AAAATAGAGAGTCGTGCCTGCCCGGTG

L_ASELLUS 9999CGCTCTC9TGCTATTAA99AACATAGAGAGTCGTACCTGCCCAGTG

L_ASELLUS2 9999CGCTCTC9TGCTATTAA99AACATAGAGAGTCGTACCTGCCCAGTG

I_COMPTUS 9999CGCTCTT9TGTAATTTA99AAAATAAAGAGTCGTGCCTGCCCAGTG

I_COMPTUS2 9999CGCTCTT9TGTAATTTA99AAAATAAAGAGTCGTGCCTGCCCAGTG

A_GRANULATA 9999CGCTCTT9TGTAATCTA99GAAATAAGGAGTCGTACCTGCCCGGTG

A_GRANULATA2 9999CGCTCTT9TGTAATCTA99GAAATAAGGAGTCGTACCTGCCCGGTG

I_RISSOI 9999CGCTCTT9TGTAATTTA99AAAATAAAGAGTCGTACCTGCCCGGTG

L_CINEREA 999999GTCTG9GGTCAAGAT99TAC9TGGACAATAGGGGTTTCCCTATC

A_CRINITA 9999CGCTCTT9TGACTCCAAA9CA99TAAAGAGTCGTGCCTGCCCAGTG

A_FASCICULARIS 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

I_ALBUS 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

ACANTHOCHITONA_SP 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

C_SEPTEMVALVIS 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

OUTGROUP1 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

OUTGROUP2 GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

OUTGROUP3 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

OUTGROUP4 TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

OUTGROUP5 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

L_CANCELLATUS 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

L_SCABRIDUS 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

H_HANLEYI 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

T_MARMOREA 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

T_RUBRA 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

A_DISCREPANS 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

I_ELONGATUS AGT9999999999TTTTAACGGCCGCAGTACCCTGACTGTGCTAAGGT99

L_ASELLUS GAATAC999999999TAAACGGCCGCAGTACCCTGACTGTGCAAAGGT99

L_ASELLUS2 GAATAC999999999TAAACGGCCGCAGTACCCTGACTGTGCAAAGGT99

I_COMPTUS AAAT999999999ATTCAACGGCCGCAGTACCCTGACTGTGCTAAGGT99

I_COMPTUS2 AAAT999999999ATTCAACGGCCGCAGTACCCTGACTGTGCTAAGGT99

A_GRANULATA AATGT999999999TTAAACGGCCGCAGTACCCTGACTGTGCAAAGGT99

A_GRANULATA2 AATGT999999999TTAAACGGCCGCAGTACCCTGACTGTGCAAAGGT99

I_RISSOI AAAAAT99999999TTAAACGGCCGCAGTACCCTGACTGTGCTAAGGT99

L_CINEREA AAATACAA99999ACCAGATGTTTGCAAAATGTAAAACATCGCCACCTCC

A_CRINITA A9TAAT99999999TTTAACGGCCGCAGTACCCTGACTGTGCTAAGGT99