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“Manchester and Early Computers”
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tarix | 08.08.2018 | ölçüsü | 6,31 Mb. | | #61907 |
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“Manchester and Early Computers” “Manchester and Early Computers”
Numerical Tables
Charles Babbage
Analytical Engine - 1838
Babbage’s Analytical Engine
Arrival of Electronics
Colossus Codebreaking Machine
ENIAC Machine
Fixed Program Computer - 1940s
Stored Program Computer - 1940s
What is a True Computer? A list of instructions to manipulate numbers (e.g. “add”, “copy”, “test” or “remember”) to be carried out one instruction after another - “a Program” Needs a big memory to hold the program and the numbers
Need for Electronic “Memory”
Quest for a memory By 1945, several research teams were seeking a fast memory device. FC Williams and Tom Kilburn at Manchester University. During the war they had been expert radar engineers and they believed they could solve the memory problem using radar cathode ray tubes.
Freddie Williams and Tom Kilburn
Quest for a memory The Cathode Ray Tube Store could remember over 2000 binary digits by end of 1947 But would it work in a computing machine? It needed to be tested “…in the hurly-burly of computing.”
So they built a little computer to test their memory invention. Formally, it was: “The Small-Scale Experimental Machine” but informally: “Baby”
The Historic Event Monday, 21st June 1948, about 11:15 The first time in the world that a stored-program computer worked The “Baby” was the World’s first Universal Computing Machine Nearly all modern computers are “like” that.
The Illustrated London News
Dots & Dashes
Interlude - What was happening elsewhere?
Cambridge - EDSAC
London - Pilot ACE
USA - von Neumann
IBM uses the Cathode Ray Tube store
Early Manchester Computers
Small-Scale Experimental Machine 1948 - Manchester
Illustrated London News photo with annotations
The Ferranti company gets involved
The Ferranti Mk 1 Computer - 1951
MEG - Ten times faster - 1954
Ferranti “Mercury” -1957
University Transistor Computer - 1953
Metro-Vick MV950 - 1956
University “MUSE” - 1958
University/Ferranti “ATLAS” - 1962
The Small-Scale Experimental Machine Rebuild Project
Project Goal “ To construct a working replica of the Small-Scale Experimental Machine by Sunday, 21st June 1998 the 50th anniversary of the successful running of the world's first stored computer program and to re-run that program. ”
SSEM - Building the Replica Fully sponsored by ICL - purchasing and use of workshops Acquire the obsolete parts, valves etc. Design studies - technical detective work
Dai Edwards’ Drawing of the Clock Circuit
Our Computer-Aided-Design version of the Clock Circuit
Illustrated London News Photo of Typewriter
The Mark 1 in 1949
Close-up of Mark 1 Typewriter
Cover of War Surplus Catalogue
Replica of the “Baby”
Small-Scale Experimental Machine Rebuild Project Thanks to: The University of Manchester for facilities and support Our sole sponsor - ICL, West Gorton The Museum of Science and Industry for a final home Many individuals for information and parts My team of CCS members for their volunteer effort
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