Mavzu: Sog`lom ovqatlanish va uning fiziologik asoslari

Healthy nutrition and its physiological basis.
Plan:
1.1. Eating more than needed.
1.2. Protein energy deficiency.

It is known that one of the factors of the external environment necessary for a person to grow, live, and perform various activities is nutrition. Eating is a constant need of every living being, and the energy necessary for its life-related actions, physical and mental work, and the functioning of all systems and organs is only food. taken with food. In addition, the construction or plastic material necessary for the constant renewal of tissues and cells, and for the growth and development of young organisms, is formed with food. At the same time, consuming less or more than the norm of nutrients with edible food causes a series of specific diseases. eat properly prepared food that contains macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) necessary for working to be

Although the idea of eating was described in detail several centuries ago by Abu Ali Ibn Sina, A.N. Farobi, I.P. Pavlov, I.I. Mechnikov, E.S. London, K.M.Bikov, Razenkov, A.V. Ugolev, scientific discussions on healthy eating, corrections, additions are made even now by biologists, technologists and medical scientists A.A. Pokrovsky, K.S.Petrovsky, A.V.Shaternikov, V.I.Smolyar, Vankhanen V.D, Bondarev G.I, Konishev V.A, Stolmakova, Sharmanov T.Sh, T.I. Iskanderov, Sh. It is expressed in the works of Q. Kurbanov and G. I. Shaikhonova.
Healthy eating of people in different periods depends on the following factors.
1. Environmental conditions at that time (weather conditions, composition of water and nutrients, radiation, etc.)
2. The scope and characteristics of physical work performed.
3. It is defined according to the types, composition and quantity of food products.
100-120 years ago, various gases (internal combustion engine cars, etc.) were not mixed, breathing clean atmospheric air, drinking water did not contain chemicals, food products were free of pesticides and herbicides. Due to the above reasons, people's demand for vitamins and minerals was less than it is now. Nowadays, the use of various mechanisms and machines in production reduces the energy used for work. Taking into account this, the total energy value of the food consumed for proper nutrition is higher than that of the people who lived in the past. it should be a little less.
Eating is one of the factors that ensure human health. According to the recognition of the World Health Organization under the UN, 50% of people's health depends on their lifestyle, which covers their economic and social issues, 20% on heredity, 20% on the environmental environment, and the remaining 10% on medical services. There are 10 main principles of a healthy lifestyle, the first of which is the nutrition factor.
It should be noted that after the independence of our country, important policies and measures were taken by our country regarding the health of the population. In particular, the declaration of 2005 as the "Year of Health" and the special decree adopted by our first president I.A. Karimov on December 15, 2004, as well as the special programs adopted in our country and regions to ensure and protect public health , is an important event in the way of treatment of various diseases, long life of people and healthy work.
As stated in the mentioned documents, "a healthy way of life, a rational way of life, a correct and responsible attitude towards maintaining one's health, which is a priceless wealth of people" organization, giving up harmful and dangerous habits for health" is of primary importance in achieving good health. If all the nutrients in human food are sufficient and perfect, such people will always be healthy. Here it is appropriate to quote the words of Hippocrates, the founder of medical science, "clean and high-quality the person who eats the food will get sick''. In fact, if the daily consumption food meets the physiological needs of a person with its energy value, composition, variety, then his growth, work and resistance to external environmental factors are high. will be at the level. The amount of food eaten is less than the norm
Summary
In the concluding part of our graduation thesis, we would like to note that at first, we used available literature and internet materials about the general definition of nutrition, its essence, and its place in the life of a modern person. The fact is that its role in the life of today's people is very complex and diverse, and first of all, it is necessary to understand the main function of this process. In order to maintain a healthy diet, it is necessary to know how much, in what condition and when to take each food.
At present, as much as the possibilities of food and nutrition are wide and colorful, the reasons that make it permissible for most of our contemporaries to eat healthy and lead to its fulfillment are very many.
Below, we summarize all the points discussed, and based on the results of long-term research at the Department of Biotechnology of Karshi State University and using available literature, we make the following 12 recommendations for healthy nutrition:
1. Stop eating when you feel like eating a little, before the appetite is completely gone;
2. It is advisable to eat dinner at least 3-4 hours before sleep;
3. Eat salads made from various greens such as tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, radishes 15-20 minutes before the main meal (soup, pilaf, manti);
4. Not to eat fruits, berries and fruit products immediately after a hot meal;
5. Drinks should not be taken together with food;
6. Do not eat anything else between meals 3-4 times a day;
7. Eating in sequence depending on the type of food and the possibilities of digestion;
8. Avoid distractions such as reading newspapers, listening to music and watching TV;
9. Not eating even during strong excitement or stress, because such a situation causes a change in the amount of enzymes released during the digestion process;
10. The daily ration should contain the main nutrients that provide energy and serve as plastic material, i.e. protein, fat and carbohydrates in a ratio of 1:1:4 (dietary formula);
11. Eating every meal on time and paying attention to the absence of harmful germs and bacteria that pose a danger to us;
12. Food selection according to external environmental factors (temperature, humidity, pressure, radiation), as a result of which physiological and biochemical processes are constantly moderated.