Passive Atomic Frequency Standards W. J. Riley Introduction

Passive Atomic Frequency Standards

• W.J. Riley

Introduction

Basic Block Diagram

Passive AFS Types

Atomic Resonances

Physical Methods

Commercial Freq Standards

Rubidium Frequency Standards

Physics Package

Rb Physics Package

Optical Pumping

Hyperfine Filtration

Rb Lamp

Rb Gas Cell

Microwave Cavity

Rb Discriminator Signal

Rb Resonance Line

Servo Modulation

Servo Amplifiers

RFS RF Chain

Rubidium Gas Cell Clocks

RFS Stability

RFS Design Trends

Cesium Frequency Standards

Cs Hyperfine Energy Levels

Cs Beam Tube

Magnetic State Selection

Cs Atom Detection

CBT Resonance Pattern

CBT & Cesium Instrument

Optically Pumped/Detected CBT

Other Atomic Freq Standards

Passive H-Maser

Trapped Hg Ion Standard

Fountain Standards

Laser Cooling of Atoms

Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC)

CSAC (Con’t)

Coherent Population Trapping

Acknowledgments and Thanks

• Len Cutler/Aglient for material from FSC 2002 Tutorial (note that the original sources for his material includes organizations like NIST and JPL)

• Material from the NIST web site

• Material from the Symmetricom web site

• Mike Garvey/Symmetricom for material from his presentations

• Robert Lutwak/Symmetricom for optical CAFS material

• John Vaccaro/PerkinElmer for RFS/RAFS material

• Pascal Rochat/Temex Neuchatel Time for RFS picture

• Symmetricom for material from my previous presentations

• Miscellaneous credits are shown on slides as organization and/or individual names

References