Questions of 2017 Unification Quiz Program for High School Students

[Unification] 1. Unification Policy of South and North Korea

Questions of 2017 Unification Quiz Program for High School Students

2017. 3.

^{The National Advisory Council}

Questions of 2017 Unification Quiz Program for High School Students

	Part1_Unification
01. Unification Policy of South and North Korea 1 02. Inter-Korean Relation of Conflict and Cooperation 11 03. Unification of Korean Peninsula and Its Surrounding Countries 21 04. Case Study of the Unification of the Divided Countries 24 05. Understanding of North Korea 29 06. Vision and Preparation for Unification 47

	Part2_History of the Republic of Korea, Modern History
07. National Sovereignty Usurped and People’s Resistance 50 08. Independence Movement and Aug. 15 Liberation 55 09. Division into South and North and Establishing the Government of the Republic of Korea 66 10. The Korean War and North Korea's provocation 74 11. Economic Growth and Development of Democracy 80 12. Global Korea 87

【Unification】 1. Unification Policy of South and North Korea

1. 
   The Chun Doo-hwan administration of South Korea accomplished reunion of the separated families in North and South Korea for the first time in the name of Home Town Visiting.
   Write ○ if it is correct or × if not.
   

[answer] ○

【Explanation】 In September 1985, Home Town Visiting group of separated families of South Korea and the North Korea paid a visit to Seoul and Pyongyang respectively for the first time.

2. 
   The Park Chung-hee Administration of South Korea proclaimed the Revitalizing Reforms Constitution called the Yushin Constitution after the “The July 4 Joint Statement between South and North Korea.”
   Write ○ if it is correct or × if not.
   

[answer] ○

3. 
   The current constitution of South Korea states that the President of the Republic of Korea shall be faithful to the duty of achieving the peaceful unification of the homeland.
   Write ○ if it is correct or × if not.
   

[answer] ○

【Explanation】 The above statement is the first statement made in Clause 3, Article 43 of the Yushin Constitution in 1972. It imposes the duty of achieving peaceful unification of the divided country on the president. Such duty of the president has been maintained so far in the constitution of the Republic of Korea (Clause 3, Article 66).

4. 
   The unification procedure insisted by the North Korean regime consists of a democratic general election in the South and North by the unification constitution.
   Write ○ if it is correct or × if not.
   

[answer] ×

【Explanation】 The democratic general election in the South and North Korea according to the unification constitution is a procedure as defined in South Korea's “Unification Plan of the Ethnic Community of Korea.” North Korea intends to build a unified country through a political negotiation by a joint meeting attended by all the circles of the societies.

5. 
   President Ro Moo-hyun of South Korea suggested the “Denuclearization and Open-Door Plan, 3000”
   Write ○ if it is correct or × if not.
   

[answer] ×

【Explanation】 “The Denuclearization and Open-Door 3000” was the inter-Korean policy of the Lee Myung-bak Administration. President Ro suggested a policy of peace and prosperity.

6. 
   The July 7th Declaration provided an opportunity for converting the keynote policy from “Construction First and Unification Later” to “Peace First and Unification Later.”
   Write ○ if it is correct or × if not.
   

[answer] ×

【Explanation】 On Aug. 15, 1974, The Park Chung-hee Administration of South Korea suggested “Three Basic Principles of Peaceful Unification” to North Korea, which became an opportunity to convert the keynote policy of the government from the previous “Construction First and Unification Later” to “Peace First and Unification Later.”

7. 
   Sightseeing to Mt. Geumgang started as a result of the “June 15 Joint Declaration of South and North Korea” announced at the South and North Korea Summit Talks held in 2000.
   Write ○ if it is correct or × if not.
   

[answer] ×

【Explanation】 Sightseeing to Mt. Geumgang launched with North Korea and the Hyundai Group signing contract on the Mt. Geumgang Tour Project on June 1998, after the founder of the Hyundai Group, Chung Ju-yung, signed the Protocol of Joint Development of Mt. Geumgang in the North Korea in 1989; the tour officially started when the ship 'Geumgang' set sail on November 18, 1998. However, the sightseeing has been suspended unexpectedly when one of the South Korean tourists was shot dead by a North Korean soldier in July 2008 in the mountain area.

8. 
   During the ruling period of the Prime Minister Jang Myun, of South Korea, which was established after President Rhee Syngman of South Korea was deposed by the April 19 Revolution, the progressive circle among the many of the progressive political forces asserted “Economic Construction First and Unification Later.” Write ○ if it is correct or × if not.
   

[answer] ×

【Explanation】 Prime Minister Jang Myun government asserted “Economic Construction First and Unification Later” and some of the progressive circle and students asserted on the South-North negotiation and neutralized unification.

9. 
   The South and North Korean governments announced the “Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of Korean Peninsula (Declaration of Denuclearizing Korean Peninsula)” during President Roh Tae-woo’s administration. However, North Korea withdrew from the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in March 1993 and 2003 during President Kim Young-sam's administration. Write ○ if it is correct or × if not.
   

[answer] ○

【Explanation】 In December 1991, the South and North Korean governments announced the “Declaration on the Denuclearization of Korean Peninsula” but North Korea withdrew from the NPT in March 1993 and declared their withdrawal again in January 2003.

10. 
    Summit talks between Seoul and Pyongyang were held twice since the division of Korea.
    Please write the years of the talks held.
    

[answer] 2000 and 2007

【Explanation】 President Kim Dae-jung held the summit talks with Kim Jong-il, North Korean leader and Chairman of National Defense in June 13 through 15, 2000, and with President Roh Moo-hyun in October 2 through 4, 2007 respectively.

11. 
    Please write the three stages of national unification in the order suggested by the “Unification Plan of the Ethnic Community of Korea”
    

a. Stage of the South and North Confederation b. Stage of Reconciliation and Cooperation c. Stage of a Unified State in One People, One State, One System and One Government

[answer] b-a-c

【Explanation】 The “Unification Plan of the Ethnic Community of Korea” suggests the unification process in three stages aiming at building one ethnic community under the keynote of progressive and phased promotion of unifying two Koreas. It supports completing a unified country of one people, one state, one system and one government going through the stages of reconciliation, cooperation and confederation.

12. 
    The following is a part of the statement made by the military authorities which seized power of South Korea by military coup on May 16, 1961.
    Please fill in (a) and (b) below with a proper term.
    

1. (a) shall be the first and priority justice of the state policy and the anti communism stance, which so far has been nothing but pro forma and slogan, will be realigned and strengthened. 5. We will exert all of our efforts to develop the national competence to confront against (b) and achieve national unification that has been a long-cherished wish of all the Korean people.

[answer] anti communism and communism

【Explanation】 The military authorities seizing the power of South Korea by military coup on May 16, 1961 announced its statements containing six basic policies which suggested fundamental direction of unifying the country by developing national competence to fight against communism and to realign and strengthen the anti communism systems.

13. 
    Please write the democratization movement to fill in (a).
    

The mission of achieving a peaceful unification of Korea was affirmed in the new constitution enacted by the result of (a) which occurred in the year of 1987 in South Korea and it specified establishing a peaceful unification policy based upon free democratic order.

[answer] June Democratic Protests

【Explanation】 The articles for peaceful unification were incorporated with the Yushin Constitution in 1972 for the first time and the new constitution amended as a result of the June Democratic Protests in 1987 specified the article for a peaceful unification in a clearer and more peaceful oriented language (Article 4, The Republic of Korea shall seek unification and shall formulate and carry out a policy of peaceful unification based on the principles of freedom and democracy).

14. 
    Who is the person to be inserted in (a) below?
    

The Progressive Party established in the 1950s by (a) suggested a democratic and peaceful unification of the country through the UN in their party platform and policy.

[answer] Jo Bong-am

【Explanation】 The Progressive Party found by Jo Bong-am in the 1950s proposed a peaceful unification policy which was compared against the unification by advancing to the north asserted by the then Rhee Syngman's administration of South Korea.

15. 
    The North Korean unification policy in the 1990s indicated a self-reliance ideology or Juche Idea in its own term and communism as a unification ideology and the subject of national unification shall be (a). What is the term to fill in (a)?
    

[answer] the people

16. 
    (Amended)What is the term to fill in (a)?
    

The North Korean regime started to use (a) as a key word related to unification, suggesting “The same people should not be hostile toward each other but unify the strength of the people in order to cope with foreign invasion and interference between North and South. Such suggestion was intended to overcome the crisis of the North Korean system incurred by the collision of the cold war and prevent absorbing unification by South Korea.

[answer] national cooperation, theory of national cooperation

【Explanation】 North Korea suggested the theory of national cooperation to break through its system crisis incurred by the collision of East Europe and the Soviet Union and prevent absorbing unification by South Korea.

17. 
    What is the name of the unified country of Korea suggested by North Korea since the 1980s through the federal system unification?
    

[answer] Democratic Confederal Republic of Goryo

【Explanation】 North Korea has been suggesting national unification by establishing the Democratic Confederal Republic of Goryo based on one people, one state, two systems and two governments.

18. 
    Which below is incorrect as the main description of the “Declaration of Peaceful Unification of Korea” made by Park Chung-hee’s government in 1970?
    

① Establishing a World Ecological Peace Park in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ).

② Friendly rivalry between South and North Korea

③ No objection against North Korea‘s participation in UN

④ Urging North Korea to give up unification under communism by military forces

[answer] ①

【Explanation】 Establishment of the World Ecological Peach Park in the DMZ was one of the Park Geun-hye’s administration’s policies to build a sustainable peace in the Korean Peninsula.

19. 
    The description below explains which economic zone?
    

An economic zone formed jointly by South and North Korea to establish a global industrial complex and make a pivotal area of North East Asia by inviting foreign investment and industry. It was established as a part of exchange and cooperation between South and North Korea according to the agreement made during the 2000 Summit Talks between the leaders of the two Koreas but it was shut down in February 2016 by the South Korean government as one of the sanctions against North Korea’s nuclear testing and launching of long range missiles.

① Najin and Sunbong District ② Shineuiju Economic Special Zone ③ Gaesung Industrial Zone ④ Heungnam Industrial Development District

[answer] ③

【Explanation】 After the “June 15 Joint Declaration of South and North Korea,” Gaesung Industrial Zone was established, where 120 South Korean companies employed about 50,000 North Koreans and it became a symbol of national unification. The South Korean government, however, shut down the zone in February 2016 due to the fourth nuclear test by the North Korean government.

20. 
    Lee Myung-bak administration of South Korea announced its inter-Korean policy to achieve a sustainable development of South and North Korea through joint prosperity (win-win) and build a foundation of peaceful unification by realizing a community of peace, economy and happiness. Which below is correct as Lee’s inter-Korean policy?
    

① Pragmatic policy ② Ostpolitik ③ Coexisting and co-prosperity policy

④ National reconciliation and democratic unification policy

[answer] ③

【Explanation】 Lee’s inter-Korean policy was a “Coexisting and co-prosperity policy” which aims at expanding a practical foundation of peaceful unification of the Korean Peninsula through coexisting and co-prosperity between the two Koreas.

21. 
    Which below is incorrect as a basis of the “Unification Plan of the Ethnic Community of Korea”?
    

① Peaceful unification by democratic procedures

② Unification that guarantees the freedom, human rights and prosperity of the people.

③ Aiming at the stage of South and North confederation of one people and two systems that admit different systems between two Koreas.

④ Progressive unification achieved through ethnic community built upon reconciliation and expanding exchange.

[answer] ③

【Explanation】 The Unification policy of South Korea is the “Unification Plan of the Ethnic Community of Korea.” It pursues a progressive and phased unification of one people, one country, one system and one government going through the stages of reconciliation and confederation between two Koreas.

22. 
    Which was the most appropriate cause for executing the following agreement?
    

< Agreement of the First Working-Level Meeting to Connect the Roads and Railroads Between South and North Korea > South and North Korea held the first working-level meeting to discuss connecting the Gyeongeui Line and Eastsea Line and the roads between the south and north from September 13 through 17, 2002 at Mt. Geumgang and the two parties agreed as follows: Commencement ceremony to connect the Gyeongeui Line and the Eastsea Line will be held on September 18 and the time, venue and formality of the ceremony will be exchanged between the two parties in writing one day prior to the ceremony. (the rest omitted)

① Adopting the Basic Agreement of South and North Korea

② Announcement of July 4 Joint Statement of South and North Korea

③ Announcement of June 15 Joint Declaration of South and North Korea

④ Announcement of Unification Plan of the Ethnic Community of Korea

[answer] ③

【Explanation】 Economic cooperation between South and North Korea including building the Gaesung Industrial Zone and restoring the Gyeongeui Line was promoted after the “June 15 Joint Declaration of South and North Korea” made as a result of the 2000 Summit Talks Between South and North Korea.

23. 
    Which below is the correct change that occurred after the “June 15 Joint Declaration of South and North Korea”?
    

1. South and North Korea agreed upon solving the unification issue autonomously through mutual efforts. 2. South and North Korea admitted that the confederation system suggested by the South and the low level federation system suggested by the North share a commonality with each other and the two parties agreed upon pursuing the national unification in such direction as above. (……) 4. South and North Korea will develop the national economy in balance through economic cooperation and strengthen mutual trust by revitalizing the cooperation and exchange between them in all areas including but not limited to society, culture, sports, health and environment.

① South and North economic talks were held.

② South and North cooperation fund was established.

③ A meeting place for the separated families was installed.

④ South and North Coordinating Committee was established.

[answer] ③

【Explanation】 The material given is a part of the “June 15 Joint Declaration of South and North Korea” made during Kim Dae-jung’s administration. After the declaration, the meeting of the separated families in the south and north was vitalized and a meeting place for them was established at Mt. Geumgang. ① took place during the Chun Doo-hwan administration ② took place during Roh Tae-woo’s administration ④ took place in Park Chung-hee’s administration.

24. 
    Which is the most appropriate to fill in the following blank line?
    

When a serious flood damaged a part of South Korea in 1984, North Korea suggested sending aid materials to South Korea. The Chun Doo-hwan government of South Korea accepted it to ease a tight situation between the two Koreas and in September 1985, the following year .

① Meeting of the separated families was achieved.

② Visiting Mt. Geumgang by sea started.

③ Red Cross Talks between the South and North were held for the first time.

④ July 4 Joint Declaration between the South and North was announced.

[answer] ①

【Explanation】 On the occasion of providing the relief goods by North Korea in 1984 during Chun Doo-hwan’s ruling, the meeting of the separated families and the exchange of art performance teams was realized in 1985.

25. 
    Which one below is the correct explanation on the unification plan of North Korea?
    

① 1950s : The low level confederation system was planned.

② 1960s : Unification by force based on the theory of a democratic base was asserted.

③ 1970s : The unification plan according to the South and North Confederation was
proposed for the first time.

④ 1980s : Establishment of the Democratic Confederal Republic of Goryo was proposed.

[answer] ④

【Explanation】 North Korea asserted the unification by force based on a theory of a democratic base in the 1950s, a South and North confederation system in 1960s and the Confederal Republic of Goryo in the 1970s. Pyongyang rearranged its suggestion on the existing unification plans and proposed the establishment of the Democratic Confederal Republic of Goryo in its 6th Labor Party Conference on October 10, 1980.

26. 
    Which one below is incorrect in explaining the contents of the “Special Declaration for the Self-Existence of the People, National Unification and Prosperity (July 7 Declaration)” announced by Roh Tae-woo’s administration of South Korea?
    

① To promote the verifying of the life and death, and address of the separated families, exchange of their letters and mutual visit

② Mutual exchange of the people living in the South and North, free visit of overseas Koreans to the South and North

③ Improving the relationships between North Korea, Japan and America, and between South Korea, the Soviet Union and China

④ Admitting the common factors between the confederation system suggested by South Korea and the low level one by North Korea.