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Resource Geography Carl Anderson Nate Shaub Nathan Eidem Debbie Reusser Garrett Hardin
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tarix | 12.08.2018 | ölçüsü | 14,82 Mb. | | #62445 |
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Garrett Hardin (April 21, 1915 – September 14, 2003) Ecologist and Microbiologist Authored - 27 books
- Over 350 articles
Said true but unpopular things Tragedy of the Commons, 1968 pursuing his own best interest in a society that believes in the freedom of the commons. Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all.”
Revisiting the Commons: Local Lessons, Global Challenges Elinor Ostrom, et al. Science Vol. 284, 1999
Where did Hardin Go Wrong? Solutions must come from external authorities
China, Mongolia, Russia China - State-owned ag collectives with permanent settlements & privatization (1/3 degraded)
Mongolia - Local pastoralist institutions; herd rotation between seasonal pastures (1/10 degraded)
Russia - State-owned ag collectives with permanent settlements (3/4 degraded)
Socialism & Privatization have resulted in greater grassland degradation
Local Lessons Technology allows for better communication and coordination of activities Rules are essential; Must be monitored and enforced - Knowledge of resource boundaries & availability
- Limited access & governed inclusion
- Increased complexity → Difficult to develop rules
Higher levels of government can hinder or help the effectiveness of local institutions
Global Challenges Resource issues more complex - More players, more interaction, diverse cultures
- North-South differences
- Accelerating rates of change
- Smaller room for error
Nested levels of governance Technological improvements Education and Communication
Questions Almost forty years later . . . Do we have better answers now? Are our resources an inheritance from the past that we should feel obligated to pass on to our descendants?
Biscuit Fire Biscuit Fire Two Views: Sessions, et al (2004)– - Salvage logging and replanting fits best with habitat requirements of Northwest Forest Plan
Donato, et al
Biscuit Fire Biscuit Fire Results: Sessions, et al - 210 plots analyzed using Landsat data and Grass software
Donato, et al - 9 burn-only sites compared to 9 burn-logged sites
Question: What methodology seems to be most useful to managers?
Conclusions Sessions - “If the goal is to hasten restoration of complex mature conifer-dominated forests on the Biscuit Fire landscape, careful timber salvage can be useful.”
Donato - “Postfire logging, by removing naturally seeded conifers and increasing surface fuel loads, can be counterproductive to the goals of forest regeneration and fuel reduction.
Questions What should be the interaction between government and science, and what would the implications be for government resource managers? In the case of managing timber resources on public lands, what are the possibilities for “institutional diversity”? Would the whole controversy have been avoided if the government had firm guidelines implemented for salvage logging in the first place?
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