Review of prior knowledge

Review of prior knowledge:

• Review of prior knowledge:

• Talk with your shoulder partner, how is matter classified?

Properties

• Properties

• State (solid, liquid, gas)

• Composition

Intensive

• Intensive

• -DOES NOT depend on amount of matter.

Physical: observed without without changing the composition of the substance.

• Physical: observed without without changing the composition of the substance.

• Chemical: the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

• Color, odor, hardness, density, melting point, boiling point, state, solubility.

Solid

• Solid

• fixed shape and volume, incompressible

• Liquid

• fixed volume, takes the shape of its container

• Gas

• takes the volume and shape of its container

Melting solid  liquid

• Melting solid  liquid

• Condensation gas  liquid

• Freezing liquid  solid

• Evaporation liquid  gas

• Sublimation solid  gas

• Boiling: Evaporation occurring beneath the liquid’s surface.

Review of prior knowledge:

• Review of prior knowledge:

• Talk with your shoulder partner and be prepared to share out

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition.

• Matter that has a uniform and definite composition.

• Elements
• Compounds

Homogeneous

• Homogeneous

• Heterogeneous

Homogeneous

• Homogeneous
• Heterogeneous

• Uniform composition throughout.
• One phase.

A homogeneous mixture of:

• A homogeneous mixture of:

• -Iron (Fe)

• -Chromium (Cr)

• -Nickel (Ni)

Elements argon and nitrogen and a compound (water vapor).

• Elements argon and nitrogen and a compound (water vapor).

• Non-uniform composition throughout the mixture
• Two or more phases.

Mixtures can be physically separated.

• Mixtures can be physically separated.

• Mixtures exhibit physical properties similar to the components of the mixture.

Use differences in the physical properties of the components of the mixture.

• Use differences in the physical properties of the components of the mixture.

Crude Oil is a mixture of Hydrocarbons

• Crude Oil is a mixture of Hydrocarbons

The simplest substances.

• The simplest substances.

• Can not be separated into simpler substances.

• Building blocks of all matter.

• More than 100 known elements.

• Represented by chemical symbols.

System started by Jons Berzelius (Sweden, 1779-1848)

• System started by Jons Berzelius (Sweden, 1779-1848)

• One or two first letters of name of the element.

• Many elements names have roots from: Latin, Greek, mythology, geography, names of scientists.

Americium, Am

• Americium, Am

• Einsteinium, Es

• Bromine, Br

• Helium, He

A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined.

• A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined.

• Compounds have different properties from the individual substances.

• (Ex: H2O)

If composition is fixed and may not changesubstance

• If composition is fixed and may not changesubstance

The ability of a substance to transform into a new substance (to undergo a chemical change).

• The ability of a substance to transform into a new substance (to undergo a chemical change).

• Example: Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.

Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance.

• Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance.

• Composition does not change.

• May be reversible or irreversible.

• Examples:

• Reversible:

• Irreversible:

A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter.

• A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter.

• Atoms rearrange themselves into new combinations.

energy exchange

• energy exchange

• production of a gas

• color change

• formation of a precipitate

In any chemical or physical change, mass is neither created or destroyed

• In any chemical or physical change, mass is neither created or destroyed

• Mass is CONSTANT