Social 30-1 Chapter 7: Liberalism during the Cold War

Social 30-1 Chapter 7: Liberalism during the Cold War

The Cold War

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  Defn: Cold war is war of __________________________
  

• 
  Characterizes period ________________________increased tension between ______________________________________________________.
  

• 
  _______________________________________________________ competition
  

• 
  Increasing reliance _______________________________________________
  

• 
  Characterized _________________________________________________________.
  

Background information:

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  WW2 began in 1939 with invasion of Poland by Germany.
  

• 
  In 1938, Germany signed a non – aggression pact with USSR
  
  • 
    Avoids 2 front war, can focus on France/Britain
    
  • 
    By 1941, Hitler invades USSR. Soviets join Allies against Germany.
    

Irony? ______________________________________________________________________

The Formation of the United Nations

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  The U.N. is created 1944-45
  

• 
  Provide a forum for _________________________________ to maintain international peace and stability
  

• 
  Correct the failures of League of Nations
  
  • 
    Creation _______________________________ (10 non-permanent)
    
    • 
      5 permanent members (China, Russia, U.S. France Britain)
      
      • 
        Each permanent member has _________________ (protect national interests)
        
  • 
    Provisions for direct military intervention during international crisis. (if all Big 5 agree)
    

The Failure of international cooperation – The Cold War

• 
  Once W.W. 2 was over it became clear the alliance between the Soviet Union and the U.S.A. was over.
  

• 
  The USSR had become powerful, and sought to expand its influence; the US wanted to protect its influence in the world by stopping the USSR.
  

• 
  This caused tension that was called the Cold War. Almost all nations supported one side or the other.
  

The Cold War: 1945-91

• 
  Issues that created the Cold War:
  
  • 
    Who will control _________? Dictatorial Communism or Democratic Capitalism?
    
  • 
    Stalin replaces Nazi’s in Eastern Europe
    
  • 
    America wanted to “contain” communism.
    
  • 
    The destructive power of nuclear bombs made a conventional war ___________.
    
  • 
    Both US & USSR looked for ways to increase their influence without causing nuclear war.
    

• 
  Causes of the Cold War:
  

B.A.R.E.

1. 
   ____________________
   
   • 
     ideology
     
2. 
   _______________
   
   • 
     Soviet goals conflict with West
     
3. 
   Resentment about history
   
   • 
     Lack of trust over historical events
     
4. 
   _______________________
   
   • 
     Yalta/Potsdam, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Soviet SALAMI tactics, Czechoslovakia
     

Problems at Yalta (Feb 1945)

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  Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt agree to divide Germany into 4 occupation zones.
  
  • 
    _________________________________.
    

• 
  ____________________________________ to be held in E. European nations
  

• 
  U.N. established
  

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  Poland to have communist and non-communist govt.
  

• 
  Tension increasing between powers.
  

Problems at Potsdam (July, 1945)

• 
  New leadership in USA/Britain
  
  • 
    Truman takes hard line approach to Stalin and communism
    

• 
  Disagreements over Poland (govt)
  

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  German Reparation problem
  
  • 
    Soviets want, West resists
    

S.A.L.A.M.I. Tactics of U.S.S.R.

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  “Slice by slice” Stalin ensured E. European nations had communist governments;
  
  • 
    Albania 1945
    
  • 
    Bulgaria 1945
    
  • 
    Poland 1947
    
  • 
    Hungary 1947
    
  • 
    Romania 1945-47
    
  • 
    Czechoslovakia 1948
    
  • 
    E. Germany 1949
    

Events: 1946 - 48

• 
  Winston Churchill’s Fulton Missouri speech
  
  • 
    Antagonized USSR
    
  • 
    Coined term ________________________” describe E. Europe under Soviet control
    
    • 
      Soviets claim speech is “declaration of war” by West
      

Events cont:

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  Civil conflict in Greece 1947
  
  • 
    West supplied arms & $ to help Greek nationalists defeat communist rivals
    

• 
  Truman Doctrine 1947
  
  • 
    U.S. policy of “containment” against Soviet expansion
    

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  Marshall Plan ($$$$)
  
  • 
    U.S. plan to help nations ____________________________________ from leading to communist support
    

• 
  Marshall Plan: Economic Containment by the U.S.
  

• 
  Truman knew he had to create _______________________________ in order to stop Stalin’s influence, prevent chaos theory
  

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  Flood of U.S. machines, food and resources went to Europe to help rebuild. Soviets (and nations under their control) _________________________.
  
• 
  The first step of the cold war was to create __________________________. Europe became the first area of conflict.
  

• 
  It was important to the U.S. to appear strong in Europe so other nations would _______
  

________________________________________________________________

• 
  The first test of U.S. resolve was ____________________
  

Berlin Blockade 1948-49

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  _______________________________ – Berlin to be temporarily divided into zones of occupation.
  

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  Soviets ____________________ to force them out.
  

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  U.S. ________________________ into Berlin
  

• 
  Soviets forced to abandon blockade. Tensions increase.
  

Korean War: 1948-53

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  Korea a _________________________ colony before WW2.
  

• 
  After Japan’s defeat, Korea divided into 2 at 38^th parallel. _______________________, ____________________________________.
  

• 
  North Koreans invade south in attempt to unite Korea as communist nation.
  

Korean War

• 
  U.S. goes to ________________________ to ask for international support in driving N. Koreans back.
  

• 
  Soviets are ________________________________________________________
  

• 
  Korean war becomes a U.N. war led by U.S.
  

• 
  This is part of Truman Doctrine of ___________________; make sure communism doesn’t take hold in Asia.
  

• 
  Korean war ends when N. Korean troops withdraw from South. Korea remains divided at 38^th parallel.
  

• 
  Both U.S. and USSR claim victory.
  

Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

• 
  U.S. has advantage over USSR; ___________________________________________
  

____________________________________________________________________

• 
  A _____________________________, off coast of Florida, provides an opportunity for Soviets.
  

Cuban Missile Crisis

• 
  Americans try to _______________________________(Bay of Pigs) Cuban government. Plan fails, but prompts Cuban leader, Castro, to ask Soviets for help.
  

• 
  Moscow agrees and begins to build _________________________________ in Cuba.
  

• 
  U.S. begins ___________________________- orders Soviets to stop or risk nuclear war.
  

• 
  U.S. places ________________________________ around Cuba. Soviets argue this is violation of __________________________________. U.S. makes presentation to U.N. to seek international support for blockade.
  

• 
  Crisis is stopped when U.S. president Kennedy and Soviet leader Kruschev make a deal to ________________________________________________.
  

• 
  Outcome of Cuba is that both U.S. and USSR realize how nuclear war would lead to MAD – ______________________________________________.
  

Nuclear war leads to Detente

• 
  Détente is a period of __________________________________ during the Cold War.
  

• 
  Several disarmament treaties were signed
  

• 
  Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968)
  
  • 
    Agreement not to sell nuclear tech to other nations
    

• 
  Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)
  
  • 
    Both sides cooperate to reduce nuclear arsenals
    

Group Questions:

On the large paper, as a group, discuss and formulate responses to the three questions below. Your responses will be evaluated for accuracy, insight and completion. /30

1. 
   What elements of liberalism do supranational organizations like the United Nations embody?
   
2. 
   Why would nations like China, and the Soviet Union join the United Nations when they claimed to reject liberalism as an ideology?
   
3. 
   After reading the notes, where, why did the West fail to uphold liberal principles as they fought the Cold War? What liberal principles did they ignore? Give specific examples.