Suora kerronta: Suora kerronta

Suora kerronta:

• Suora kerronta:

• “I love you,” Ed said to Mia. 

• Epäsuora kerronta:

• Ed told Mia (that) he loved her.

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• pronominit muuttuvat

• aikamuodot muuttuvat

1. “I love you.” Ed says that he loves me.

• 1. “I love you.” Ed says that he loves me.

• 2. “I’ll call you later.” He says that he’ll call me later.

• Jos johtolause on preesensissä

• (= nykyhetkessä), suoran kerronnan aikamuodot eivät muutu.

1. “I like winter.” Liz told me she liked winter.

• 1. “I like winter.” Liz told me she liked winter.

• preesens imperfekti

• 2. “I heard you.” Bob said to Ann that he’(d) heard her.

• imperfekti imperfekti tai pluskvamperfekti

• 3. “You’ve lost weight.” Mark told me I’d lost weight.

• perfekti pluskvamperfekti

• 4. “We’d gone out.” Chad told us they’d gone out.

• pluskvamperfekti pluskvamperfekti (ei muutu)

• 5. “I’ll do it.” Ned promised he’d do it.

• futuuri konditionaali

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6. “It would be great.” Sue answered that it would be great.

• 6. “It would be great.” Sue answered that it would be great.

• konditionaali konditionaali (ei muutu) 

• 7. “I can finish the job.” Joe said he could finish the job.

• can (preesens) could (imperfekti)

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• 8. “It may rain later.” The weatherman said it might rain later.

• may (preesens, futuuri) might (konditionaali)

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• 9. “I must go.” John said that he must go/ he had to go.

• must (preesens) must (ei muutu) tai had to (imperfekti) 

• Kun asia kerrotaan myöhemmin, aika ja paikka ovat muuttuneet

• → tietyt ilmaukset joudutaan muuttamaan.

• Katso luettelo kirjan sivulta 214.

1. “The key isn’t here.” → Mary told us …

• 1. “The key isn’t here.” → Mary told us …

• … that the key wasn’t there.

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• 2. “I can’t do it today.” → Mike told us …

• … that he couldn’t do it that day.

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• 3. “I saw Peter two hours ago.” → Gillian said …

• … that she saw / had seen Peter two hours earlier.

• 4. “We’ll sign the contract tomorrow.” → The board members said …

• … that they would sign the contract the next day / the following day.

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• 5. “I was at home last night.” → Alistair told the police …

• … that he’d been / he was at home the night before.

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• 6. “I have met this problem before.” → The therapist said …

• … that he/she had met that/the problem before.

1. “Take a seat, please.”

• 1. “Take a seat, please.”

• He asked me to take a seat.

• 2. “Come back inside!”

• The mother told the kids to go back inside.

• 3. “Don’t leave me alone.”

• Al begged Nora not to leave him alone.

• 4. “Never trust a stranger.”

• Dad advised me never to trust a stranger.

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• Johtolauseen verbiä seuraa objekti (ketä kielletään, käsketään) ja to-infinitiivi.

• Kieltosana (not, never) sijoitetaan to-partikkelin eteen.

1. “Help me.” → Andrew asked me …

• 1. “Help me.” → Andrew asked me …

• … to help him.

• 2. “Put your books away.” → The teacher told us …

• … to put our books away.

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• 3. “Don’t take my kit.” → My brother warned me …

• … not to take his kit.

• 4. “Don’t strain your back.” → The nurse told me …

• … not to strain my back.

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• 5. “Come back here soon.” → Mandy asked us …

• ... to go back there soon.

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• 6. “Never forget my advice.” → Harry asked me …

• … never to forget his advice.

Suora kerronta:

• Suora kerronta:

• “Where are you?” she asked him.

• “Are you alright?” she asked him.

• Epäsuora kerronta:

• She asked him where he was.

• She asked him if he was alright.

• kysymyksen sanajärjestys muuttuu

• jos kysymyssanaa ei ole, epäsuoran kysymyksen eteen tulee if tai whether.

1. “Where has he gone?”

• 1. “Where has he gone?”

• Tell me where he has gone.

• 2. “What can I say?”

• I don’t know what I can say.

• 3. “Why are you laughing?”

• I’d like to know why you are laughing.

• Epäsuorassa kysymyksessä sanajärjestys on suora → subjekti ennen predikaattia.

7. “Are you the owner of this car?”

• 7. “Are you the owner of this car?”

• We’d like to know if you’re the owner of this car.

• 8. ”Does Joe eat fish?”

• I can’t remember whether Joe eats fish.

• 9. “Did she say anything?”

• Do you know if she said anything?

1. “Why are you smiling?” → Can you tell me …

• 1. “Why are you smiling?” → Can you tell me …

• … why you are smiling?

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• 2. “What are you hiding behind your back?” → Show me …

• … what you are hiding behind your back.

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• 3. “Where did you buy these?” → Aren’t you going to tell me …

• … where you bought these?

• 4. “What do these roses mean?” → I wonder …

• … what these roses mean.

•  

• 5. “Does this necklace look good on me?” → Tell me …

• ... if/whether this necklace looks good on me.

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• 6. “Do people still wear such jewellery?” → I wonder …

• … if people still wear such jewellery.

1. “Are you sure?” → John asked me …

• 1. “Are you sure?” → John asked me …

• … if/whether I was sure.

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• 2. “Can I open the window?” → Julia asked me …

• … if/whether she could open the window.

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• 3. “When will they finish the job?” → Matt wanted to know …

• … when they would finish the job.

• 4. “Where have you been?” → Les asked Ronald …

• … where he had been.

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• 5. “Do your neighbours have a dog?” → Oliver asked me …

• … if/whether my neighbours had a dog.

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• 6. “Does your school start at eight?” → I asked Molly …

• … if/whether her school started at eight.