Trait/Dispositional Perspective



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Trait/Dispositional Perspective



Trait/Dispositional Perspective



Normal Distribution



Personality Trait



Personality Trait Theorists



Eysenck’s Hierarchical Organization of Personality



Gordon Allport



Factor Analysis



Raymond Cattell



Raymond Cattell (continued)



Questions from 16 PF



Scoring



Cattell’s 16 PF Source Traits



Correspondence Between Two Sources





Natural Language Approach



Natural Language Approach



Big Five Assessment



Big Five: Factor I



Big Five: Factor II



Big Five: Factor III



Big Five: Factor IV



Big Five: Factor V



Five Factor Model



FFM: Neuroticism



FFM: Extraversion



FFM: Openness to Experience



FFM: Agreeableness



FFM: Conscientiousness



Support for Big 5 / FFM



Support for Big 5 / FFM



FFM: Cross Informant



FFM: Stability



FFM: In Children



FFM: In Children



FFM: In Children



FFM: Cross Model



FFM: Cross Cultural



FFM: Cross Cultural

  • Etic: imported measures (translations)

  • Emic: indigenous procedures

    • No constraints imposed


FFM: Cross Cultural



Cross-cultural Studies

  • Lexical studies conducted in Czech, Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Korean, and Polish.

  • Above studies find support for 4 of Big 5 factors (less for Openness/Intellect)

  • Hungarian & Italian reveal a honesty factor (not Intellect)

  • Most of the other languages reveal a 6 factor solution

    • Extraversion
    • Conscientiousness
    • Agreeableness (with anger going with low A rather than on emotional stability)
    • Emotional Stability
    • Intellect – but heavily emphasizes unconventionality
    • Honesty/Humility – sincere, fair, unassuming vs. sly, deceitful, and pretentious


Ashton, Kibeom, & Goldberg (2004) JPSP

  • Six factors have emerged in diverse set of languages

  • But has not previously been found in English language studies

  • Could be explained by adjective clustering or adjective selection in previous studies

    • Needed to reduce total number of adjectives in order to make a list manageable for research participants


  • 1710 adjectives

  • Interested in looking at 5 and 6 factor solutions

  • 310 participants

    • 187 American
    • 123 Australian
    • Provided 1 -9 Likert self-ratings on all 1710 adjectives, working only an hour at a time


  • 5 factor solution resembled Big Five structure

  • 6 factor solution included Honesty/Humility factor observed in other languages. 6 factor solution produced an especially clear 5th factor: Intellect, Imagination, and Unconventionality

  • Still not sure what to call the 5th factor

  • 7th factor is religiosity



FFM: Cross Cultural



FFM: Cross Cultural



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