Tárgy neve / Kódja

Debreceni Egyetem A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt

1. Name of the subject: Mushrooms knowledge

2. Responsible lecturer:

3. Subject: Nature conservation engineer

4. Category of the subject: optional

5. Teaching plan: III. semester

6. Kreditpoint: 2

7. Aim of the subject: The aim of the subject, let the student know the most important edible and poisonous mushrooms can be find in the neighborhood, their organographies and morphology, their habitat and fruiting time. Types of poisoning will be described.

8. Personal conditions of the subject:

Responsible lecturer is teaching the subject, occasionally comes invited lecturer.

9. Topics of the subject:

1. Lecture: The role of fungi in the nature, life type of mushrooms.

2. Lecture: Organographies and morphology of mushrooms: mushroom cell, plectenhima, life cycle of mushrooms.

3. Lecture: Organographies and morphology of mushrooms: shape and form of fruiting bodies, types of fruiting bodies.

4. Lecture: Organographies and morphology of mushrooms: function of the spore rise and construction.

5. Lecture: Physiology and ecology of mushrooms.

6. Lecture: Mushroom poisoning: poisoning types, first aid for poisoned, avoiding poisoning.

7. Lecture: Taxonomy: Pezizaceae, Helvellaceae, Morchellaceae.

8. Lecture: Taxonomy: Truffles, Chanterell, Clavariadelphus.

9. Lecture: Taxonomy: Sparassidaceae, Hydnaceae, Beef-steak Fungus (Fistulina), Tinder.

10. Lecture: Taxonomy: Boletales, Paxillaceae, Oyster mushroom, Hygrophoraceae.

11. Lecture: Taxonomy: Triholomataceae, Entolomataceae.

12. Lecture: Taxonomy: Amanitaceae, Agaricaceae.

13. Lecture: Taxonomy: Coprinaceae, Bolbitaceae, Stropharia, Cortinarius.

14. Lecture: Taxonomy: Russula, Lactarius, Gasteromycetidae, Phallales.
10. Control within the semester: oral report

11. Type of exam: oral

12. Compulsory trade practice: no

13. Literature:

Jakucs E. (1996): Bevezetés a mikológiába. ELTE jegyzet – Introduction into the Mycology. Lecture notes

Jakucs E. (1999): A mikológia alapjai. ELTE jegyzet – Basic of Mycology. Lecture notes

Jakucs E., Vajna L (2003): Mikológia Agroinform Kiadó - Mycology

Kalmár Z. (1982): A gombák világa. Bp – The World of Mushrooms.

Kalmár Z. – Makara Gy. (1978): Ehető és mérges gombák Bp. – Edible and poisonous Mushrooms.

Kalmár Z. – Makara Gy. – Rimóczi I. (1995): Ehető és mérges gombák Bp. pp. 278. - Edible and poisonous Mushrooms.

László Nándor szerk. (1981): Mérges gombák Gombamérgezések, MEDICINA BP. - Poisonous Mushrooms, Mushroom Poisoning.

Lévai J. (1986): Terítéken a gomba. Medicina Könyvkiadó, Bp. pp. 208. – Mushrooms ont he Cover

Rimóczi I. 1992- Gombaválogató 1. – Selecting Mushrooms 1.

Rimóczi I (1993): Gombaválogató 2. Szépia Könyvkiadó Kft. Budapest – Selecting Mushrooms 2.

Rimóczi I (1995): Gombaválogató 3. Tudomány Kiadó Budapest – Selecting Mushrooms 3.

Rimóczi I (2000): Gombaválogató 4. Mezőgazdasági Szaktudás Kiadó Budapest – Selecting Mushrooms 4.

Rimóczi I., Vetter J. (szerk) (1990): Gombahatározó I.-II. Országos Erdészeti Egyesület Mikológiai Társasága Budapest - Mushroom Identifier

Ubrizsi G. – Vörös J. 1968: Mezőgazdasági mikológia. Akad. Kiadó Bp. – Agricultural Mycology

Vetter J. 1990: Az általános mikológia alapjai. ELTE jegyzet Basics of the general Mycology

Mikológia Közlemények Clusiana – A Magyar Mikológiai Társaság tudományos folyóirata

Mycological announcement – Scientific periodical of Hungarian Mycological Society

14. Questions for exam:

Questions for cytology and morphology:

1. 
   The chemical composition of Mushroom cell wall, what kind of cell components can be found in the Mushroom cell?
   
2. 
   What is characteristic to the Mushroom bodies?
   
3. 
   What is typical of the Mycelia of Fungi, what kind of alteration could be?
   
4. 
   Construction of the fruiting bodies, and their tasks.
   
5. 
   Main types of fruiting bodies, position of the hymenia.
   
6. 
   What kind of hymenia types are known on the fruiting bodies?
   
7. 
   How does the hymenia look like at the gasteromycetes, how can the spores get out from the fruiting bodies?
   
8. 
   Characteristics of the cap.
   
9. 
   Characteristics of the gills.
   
10. 
    What is that: spore, conidium, clamidospore?
    
11. 
    Characteristics of the stipe, shape, ornamentation, etc.
    
12. 
    What else can be used to determine Mushrooms?
    

Questions for physiology:

13. 
    What is characteristic to Mushroom metabolism, why is it important to know secondary metabolites?
    
14. 
    How does Mycelia grows, how does fruiting bodies grow?
    
15. 
    The sexual and asexual reproduction of Mushrooms.
    
16. 
    What is the life type of the saprophytic fungi? How does it connect with the appearance? (With examples)
    
17. 
    What is typical for the life type of the mycorrhiza and parasitical Mushrooms? (With examples)
    
18. 
    Importance of the water in life of fungi. Take samples for various water demand!
    
19. 
    Importance of the temperature in life of fungi. Take samples for various temperature demand (Mushrooms of the seasons)!
    
20. 
    Importance of air movements, and of light in the life of fungi. How influence their appearance geographical and pedological relations?
    
21. 
    How influence the appearance of Mushrooms biological factors? Which are good, and which are bad biotopes for fungi?
    

Questions for Mushroom poisoning:

22. 
    What kind of poisons can be in Mushrooms? Characterisation of the effects of Mushroom poisons.
    
23. 
    Classifying poisonous Mushrooms on the basis of danger of their poison. Rules avoiding Mushroom poisoning.
    
24. 
    Symptoms of cell-poisoning type of Mushroom poisoning, cure after poisoning.
    
25. 
    Symptoms of Inocybe type of Mushroom poisoning, cure after poisoning.
    
26. 
    Symptoms of “panteridin” type of Mushroom poisoning, cure after poisoning.
    
27. 
    Symptoms of “gastro-intestinal” type of Mushroom poisoning, cure after poisoning.
    
28. 
    Symptoms of special type of Mushroom poisoning, cure after poisoning.
    
29. 
    Food poisoning from Mushroom meal, tasks of the experts in case of Mushroom poisoning.
    

Questions for Mushroom taxonomy:

30. 
    Pezizaceae, Helvellaceae, Morchellaceae.
    
31. 
    Truffles, Chanterell.
    
32. 
    Clavariadelphus, Sparassidaceae, Hydnaceae.
    
33. 
    Beef-steak Fungus (Fistulina), Tinder, Polyporaceae.
    
34. 
    Boletales.
    
35. 
    Paxillaceae, Oyster mushroom, Hygrophoraceae.
    
36. 
    Triholomataceae, Entolomataceae.
    
37. 
    Amanitaceae.
    
38. 
    Agaricaceae.
    
39. 
    Coprinaceae, Bolbitaceae, Stropharia, Cortinarius.
    
40. 
    Russula, Lactarius.
    
41. 
    Gasteromycetidae, Phallales.
    

Debreceni Egyetem

Pannon Egyetem