31.4 Martin Luther Breaks Away from the Church
1. Why did Martin Luther write the Ninety-Five Theses and post them on the door of the church in Wittenberg?
Luther was outraged by the selling of indulgences. He posted the Ninety-Five Theses to express his ideas about this practice.
2. How were Luther’s beliefs different from those of the Catholic Church?
Luther believed that salvation came from faith, not good works. He said the Bible, not the pope, was the ultimate source of religious authority. He said all Christians were priests and should read the Bible for themselves. And he claimed that most of the church’s sacraments had no basis in the Bible.
3. What happened when Luther was brought before the Diet of Worms?
He refused to take back his teachings and was declared a heretic by the emperor. The emperor forbade the printing of his writings.
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31.5 Other Early Leaders of the Reformation
1. Name three things that helped the movement begun by Luther to spread across Europe.
People were tired of abuses and ready for change. The printing press helped spread Luther’s ideas. Government leaders learned they could win independence from the church.
2. What two Protestant reformers began new churches in Switzerland?
Huldrych Zwingli and John Calvin began new churches in Switzerland.
3. What personal and political reasons led King Henry VIII to split with the Catholic Church?
Henry VIII split from the church so that he could get a divorce and remarry, and so that he would no longer have to share power and wealth with the church.
4. Who was William Tyndale? What important contribution is he known for?
Tyndale was a priest and a scholar who translated books of the Bible into English. He adopted Protestant views and was burned at the stake. His translations were used in the King James Bible.
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