Who’s who in psychology

WHO’S WHO IN PSYCHOLOGY

Alfred Adler-Personality-Individual-inferiority, overcompensation, birth order

Mary Ainsworth-Development-strange situation, attachment

Gordon Allport-Personality-trait-cardinal, central

Solomon Asch-Social-conformity-lines study

Elliott Aronson& Gonzalez-Social-jigsaw classroom-prejudice, stereotypes

Albert Bandura-Personality-reciprocal determinism, Social-Bobo, Learning-Observational

Diane Baumrind-Development-parenting styles

Aaron Beck-Abnormal-depression-cognitive triad-attributional style

Alfred Binet-Intelligence-1^st intelligence test, mental age, Stanford-Binet

Blakemore & Cooper-Sensation-visual processing-cats, visual critical periods

Keller and Marian Breland-Learning-instinctive drift

Donald Broadbent-Cognition-filter theory

Paul Broca-Neuro-broca’s area-speech

Walter Cannon -Emotion-Cannon-Bard theory

Raymond Cattell-Intelligence-fluid, crystallized, Personality-trait-16 PF

Noam Chomsky-Cognition-theory of language acquisition-LAD, nature

Mary Cover Jones-Learning-desensitization-Peter and rabbit

Charles Darwin-History-evolutionary, natural selection, Motivation-instincts

Dorothea Dix-Treatment-humane hospital reform

Hermann Ebbinghaus-Cognition-remembering and forgetting, forgetting curve

Paul Ekman-Emotion-universal facial expressions

Albert Ellis-Treatment-Cognitive-Rational Emotive Therapy-cognitive restructuring

Erik Erikson-Development-Psychosocial stages-discontinuous

Hans Eysenck-Personality-factor analysis, trait, Treatment-effectiveness (2/3)

Gustav Fechner-Sensation-psychophysics, measurement

Leon Festinger-Social-cognitive dissonance, boring task/lie study

James Flynn-Intelligence-Flynn effect-increase in scores-health, nutrition, schools

Friedman & Rosenman-Stress-Type A and type B personality-heart disease

Sigmund Freud-Personality-Psychosexual stages, id, ego, superego, defense mechanisms,

Consciousness-repression, Dreams-Wish fulfillment, Treatment-psychoanalysis

Franz Gall-Personality-phrenology (bumps on head)

Francis Galton-Intelligence-psychomotor testing, Eugenics, coined phrase nature/nurture

John Garcia-Learning-classical conditioning, taste aversions, Garcia effect

Howard Gardner-Intelligence-Multiple Intelligences (8-linguistic, visual, naturalistic, music…)

Carol Gilligan-Development-criticized Kohlberg for anti female morality norming

G. Stanley Hall-History-1^st APA president

Harry Harlow-Development-cloth mom monkeys, touch

Ewald Hering-Sensation-vision-opponent process theory

Ernest Hilgard-Consciousness-hypnosis-dissociative theory, hidden observer

Hippocrates-Personality-temperaments-humors

Karen Horney-Personality, neo-Freudian-womb envy

David Hubel & Torsten Weisel-Sensation-vision, feature detectors, parallel processing

Clark Hull-Motivation-drive reduction theory

William James-History-functionalism, Emotion-James-Lange theory

Irving Janis-Social-groupthink

Carl Jung-Personality-Analytic theory, temperaments, collective unconscious

Leon Kamin-Learning-blocking

George Kelly-Personality-Personal construct theory

Lawrence Kohlberg-Development-Morality-stages, discontinuity

Wolfgang Kohler-Learning-insight theory, Perception-gestalt principles

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross-Development-stages of death and dying

Latane & Darley-Social-bystander intervention, diffusion of responsibility, altruisim

Kurt Lewin-Stress-conflict types (approach, avoidance)

Elizabeth Loftus-Cognition-memory, confabulation, misattribution effect, misinformation effect

Richard Lazarus-Emotion-cognitive appraisal theory

Konrad Lorenz-Development-imprinting, critical periods, Motivation-instinct theory

Abraham Maslow-Motivation-Maslow’s hierarchy, Humanist-Personality-Holistic Dynamic theory

Master’s & Johnson-Motivation-sexual response cycle (rope)

Robert McCarley & Hobson-Consciousness-dreams-activation synthesis theory

David McClelland-Motivation-achievement, used TAT

Stanley Milgram-Social-Obedience to authority study-ethics (electric shock study)

Walter Mischel-Personality-CAP theory, Impulse control-marshmallow test (emotional intelligence)

Henry Murray-Testing-created TAT, projective

Ivan Pavlov-Learning-classical conditioning-contiguity model

Fritz Perls-Treatment-Humanistic-Gestalt therapy-empty chair

Jean Piaget-Development-cognitive development stage theory, nature, discontinuity

Wilder Penfield-Neuro-mapped somatosensory and mortor cortex

Philippe Pinel-Treatment-humane hospital reform

Robert Rescorla-Learning-contingency model

Carl Rogers-Personality-ideal, actual self, UPR, Therapy-empathy, active listening, true potential

Rorschach-Testing-projective, inkblot

David Rosenthal-Social-bloomer study- self fulfilling prophecy

Julian Rotter-Personality-Social Learning theory-internal, external locus of control

Peter Salovey and John Mayer-Intelligence-emotional intelligence

Stanley Schacter-Emotion-Schacter-Singer 2 factor theory, cognitive

Martin Seligman-Learning-learned helplessness, depression

Hans Selye-Stress-general adaptation syndrome

William Sheldon-Personality-somatotype theory (body types…mesomorph, ectomorph, endomorph)

Muzafir Sherif-Social-contact theory, superordinate goals

BF Skinner-Learning-operant conditioning, Cognition-language acquisition, nurture,

Treatment-behavior modification, token economy

Charles Spearman-Intelligence-factor analysis, “g”, “s”, general and specialized intelligence

George Sperling-Cognition-sensory memory test

Roger Sperry-Neuro-split brain, epilepsy

Claude Steele-Intelligence-stereotype threat, culture fair tests (unbiased)

Robert Sternberg-Intelligence-triarchic theory (analytic, creative, practical)

Louis Terman-Intelligence-Terman;s termites, Stanford-Binet IQ test, formula, nature

EL Thorndike-Learning-instrumental, law of effect, cat puzzle box

LL Thurstone-Intelligence-primary mental abilities, gifted studies

Edward Titchener-History-structuralism

Edward Tolman-Learning-latent, cognitive maps

Walter Triplett-Social-group influence on performance, Social facilitation and impairment

Hermann Von Helmholtz-Sensation-vision-Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory

Lev Vygotsky-Development-zone of proximal development, sociocultural, nurture

John Watson-Learning, Little Albert, aversive conditioning, father of behaviorism

Weber-Sensation-difference threshold theories-Weber’s law

David Wechsler-Intelligence-created IQ tests-WISC, WPPSI, WAIS to include adults

Carl Wernicke-Neuro-Wernicke’s area-verbal comprehension

Benjamin Whorf-Cognition-linguistic relativity hypothesis

Joseph Wolpe-Treatment-developed Cover-Jones’s systematic desensitization

Wilhelm Wundt-History, structuralism, 1^st psych lab

Yerkes-Dodson-Motivation-optimum level of arousal for performance

Robert Zajonc-Emotion-cognition and affect, mere exposure

Philip Zimbardo-Social-Stanford Prison experiment-social roles

Generously shared by Julie Kobold from Nauset High School

April 28, 2010