Arabic Morphosyntactic system Lexical Markup Framework



Yüklə 505 b.
tarix10.05.2018
ölçüsü505 b.
#43361


Arabic Morphology and Syntax within the Frameworks of LMF and LFG


  • Arabic Morphosyntactic system

  • Lexical Markup Framework

  • LFG



Arabic Language

  • Arabic Language

  • Semitic language

  • Right-to-left writing

  • Case-marked

  • Rich flectional and derivational systems (concatenative language)



Arabic Phonetic System

  • Consonants (Ex: ﺏ: b, ﺖ: t, ﻒ: f)

  • Long Vowels (Ex: ﻭ: w, ﻱ: y)

  • Short vowels (Ex: ُ–: u, ِ–: i) => Diacritics

  • (Buckwalter’s Arabic Transliteration System)



Arabic Morphology

  • Words generation is based on roots and patterns.

  • Root

    • Ex: k-t-b, (‘write’)
  • Pattern

    • faEala (main pattern = ‘do’) => kataba
    • fAEil (‘doer’/agent) => kAtib: writer
    • mafEwl (‘undergoer’/patient, theme) =>maktwb: written
    • MafEal (‘location’) => maktab: desk


Morphosyntactic Categories

  • Pronouns

  • Verbs

  • Nouns and adjectives

  • Prepositions

  • ‘Adverbs’ (Preposition bi+Noun)

  • Particles



Pronouns

  • Personal pronouns

    • Isolated (‘anA: I, hum: they)
    • Affix-pronouns (-hu: him/it, -hunna: them.FEM)
  • Demonstrative pronouns (h*A: this.MASC, tilka: that.FEM)

  • Relative Pronouns (al~a*y: who/which.MASC, al~atAni: who/which.FEM.DUAL)



Pronoun Categorisation



Verbs

  • Aspect/Tense

  • Mood

  • Voice



Verb Description



Jussive (almajzwm)

  • Jussive (almajzwm)

  • lam yaktub.

  • Didn’t he write.

  • He didn’t write.

  • Energetic

  • la’aktuban~a.

  • *I (do) will write. (No English counterpart)



Verbs

  • Aspect

  • Mood

  • Voice

  • Agreement (+Person, +Gender, +Number)

  • Affix Pronoun

  • Particles (Ex: Prepositions, ‘Future’ )



Morphosyntactic Inflections for Verbs



Example of Morphosyntactic Inflections for Verbs

  • sa- ‘uEty- kumA (ﺳﺄﻋﻂﯾﻜﻤﺎ)

  • ‘will I give you…’



Nouns and Adjectives

  • Gender

    • Masculine
    • Feminine
  • Number

    • Singular
    • Dual
    • Plural
    • (=> Agreement between Noun and Adjective)
  • Grammatical case (NOM, ACC, GEN)

  • Affix-Pronouns (Clitics) and Definiteness



Nouns and Adjectives



Example of Inflections for Nouns

  • KitAb: ‘book’

  • KitAb-un: N_SG_M_DEF-_NOM

  • a book

  • al-kitAba: N_SG_M_DEF+_ACC

  • The book (OBJ)

  • kitAb-ay-kumA:

  • N_DUAL_M_DEF+_GEN/ACC_AFFPR:-kumA

  • Your ‘two’ books (OBJ)

  • bi-kitAb-ay-kumA:

  • N_DUAL_M_DEF+_GEN_AFFPR:-kumA_AFFPREP:-bi

  • By your ‘two’ books.



Prepositions

  • Independent (Ex: min: from, ‘ilA: to..)

    • Affixation: +AffixPronoun
    • Ex: min-hu: ‘from him’
  • Affixed (Ex: bi: with, li: for…)

    • +Verb/+Noun/+Adjective
    • EX: li-yaktuba: ‘to write’


Lexical Markup Framework

  • XML-based

  • Lexical Entry Description

    • Inventory
    • Constraints
  • Data Category Register (DCR)



DCR Sample



Lexical Markup Framework

  • ‘Morphalou’ (Salmon-Alt 2004)

  • ‘MafEalw’ (Akrout 2005)



Sample From ‘MafEalw’



LFG for Arabic

  • Objectives: induce Treebank-based LFG resources for Arabic.

  • Arabic characteristic features:

    • Morphosyntactic system.
    • Inflectional system (patterns, clitics, …)
    • Clause types (nominal, verbal)
    • Diacritics


‘aEty- tmw- ny- hA. Gave you.PL.MASC me it.SG.FEM You gave it (to) me.

      • SUBJ TYPE ‘CLITIC’
      • PRED ‘tm’
      • PERS 2
      • GENDER MASC
      • NUM PL
      • ASPECT PERFECT
      • MOOD INDICATIVE
      • VOICE ACTIVE
      • PRED ‘‘aEtY<(SUBJ)(OBJ)(OBJ)>’
      • OBJ TYPE CLITIC
      • PRED ‘ny’
      • PERS 1
      • GENDER MASC/FEM
      • NUM SG
      • OBJ TYPE ‘CLITIC
      • PRED ‘hA’
      • PERS 3
      • GENDER FEM
      • NUM SG


References

  • Akrout, A (2005), Pre-doctoral dissertation : ‘Modélisation d’un lexique flexionnel de l’Arabe Classique’, University of Metz, France.

  • Blachère, R. & Gaudefroy-Démombynes, M. (1975). Grammaire de l'arabe classique. 3rd edition, G.P. MAISONNEUVE & LAROSE (Ed), Paris, France.

  • Cavalli-Sforza, V., Soudi, A. & Mitamura, T. (2000). Arabic Morphology Generation Using a Concatenative Strategy, in The Proceedings of NAACL-2000. on line: http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/A/A00/A00-2012.pdf

  • Fillmore, Ch. (1968). The case for case. In: Bach, E., Harms, R. T., Eds., Universals in Linguistic Theory. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York: 1-88.

  • Fleisch, H. (1961). Traité de Philologie Arabe, vol I, préliminaires, Phonétique,

  • Morphologie Nominale, Tome XVI. 247-267.

  • George, M. & Francopoulo, G. (2004). Lexical Markup Framework (LMF). Working Draft (ISO-24613). On line : http://www.tagmatica.fr/doc.htm

  • Versteegh, K. (1997). The Arabic Language. Edinburgh University Press, Great

  • Britain, University Press, Cambridge. 74-92.



Any questions?

  • Any questions?



Yüklə 505 b.

Dostları ilə paylaş:




Verilənlər bazası müəlliflik hüququ ilə müdafiə olunur ©genderi.org 2024
rəhbərliyinə müraciət

    Ana səhifə