Authoring a PhD

analytic structure
– a way of organizing a piece of text by chunking it up
into logical or typological categories devised by the author. The categories
fragment the materials, allowing them to be handled more easily, with
materials in one category unified by some common characteristic. For
instance, an analytic structure might look at necessary and sufficient
causes; long-run and short-run influences; or the economic, political, 
cultural or other aspects of a single set of phenomena. [pp. 68–70]
archetypal singular
– a stylistic mistake where an author describes the
behaviour of a group or collectivity through an abstract, stereotyped
and actually non-existent individual (for instance, ‘the writer’). Using
the archetypal singular form opens up a broad pathway to writing
nonsense. [p. 119]
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argumentative structure
– a way of organizing a piece of text by pre-
senting in turn two or more viewpoints identified by the author, such
as competing theories, alternate sides in a controversy, or differing
empirical interpretations. The case for one viewpoint is given in full,
then the case for one or more alternative views, for example, in a ‘for
and against’ or ‘pros and cons’ pattern. [pp. 70–4]
authoring
– the complete process of producing a finished piece of text,
that is: envisaging what to write, planning it in outline, drafting pas-
sages, writing the whole thing, revising and 
remodelling text
, and fin-
ishing it in an appropriate form, together with publishing all or parts
of the text. [p. 1]
bibliography
– an exhaustive list of all the articles, books and other
works cited in a thesis or book. A bibliography should always be set out
completely in one sequence arranged by alphabetical order of authors’
main names. Bibliographies should never be segmented (for instance,
into separate lists for primary and secondary sources), because that
would violate the 
one-stop look-up
criterion. Every thesis needs a bibli-
ography, whatever referencing or notes system is used. [pp. 122–33]