Authoring a PhD

referencing circle
– a group of academics who regularly cite each
other’s works in a mutual back-scratching way. [p. 222]
referral
– a refusal by the 
examiners
to accept a PhD thesis. They will
impose and list a set of major changes that must be made as a require-
ment for the thesis to be 
submitted
again. A thesis that is referred twice
is a failed doctorate. [p. 221]
remodelling text
– an intensive way of evaluating and usually chang-
ing how a chapter or paper is organized. Number and list each
G L O S S A R Y
◆
2 7 3
Print, Edit, Revise, Upgrade, Go public
– a suggested sequence for
revising text. Always print out your writings and edit them on paper.
Do not just do on-screen editing, which will be too confined to a
verbal level and simple corrections. Once you have cleaned up the
text, ask how it can be strengthened, extended, clarified, better-
evidenced, and so on. Make revisions and then write or paste in
upgrade materials. Go public with a draft to collect commentaries
and ideas for changes. See also 
remodelling text
. [p. 138]