Authoring a PhD

opening out model
– a sequence for organizing a thesis in which there
is a short lead-in or set-up chapter, followed immediately by the main
analysis or evidence chapters. The discussion then ‘opens out’ into an
analysis of what has been found, and from there into a wider consid-
eration of issues in the existing literature or the discipline. [pp. 59–60]
oral examination
– see 
final oral examination
,
dissertation defence
and
viva
.
organizers
– the complete apparatus of devices by which authors (and
publishers’ editors) allow readers to orientate themselves within a
piece of text. Organizers include prefaces and introductions, headings
and subheadings, 
signposts
, author promises, running heads, conclu-
sions, and so on. [p. 78]