Authoring a PhD

Structure your thesis around a paradox, not around a gap
– a
principle for clarifying the central research question or 
problematic
of
your thesis. You should aim to explain a non-obvious puzzle in an
original way, not just to produce the first description of something
not already (extensively) studied. [pp. 18–26]

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submit
– formally send a completed doctoral thesis or dissertation to
the university for it to be assessed. The thesis must be in an acceptable
final form. There may be limits on how many times you can submit a
thesis, often two times only. [pp. 209–16]
supervisor
– in the 
classical model PhD
the individual staff member (or
one of two members) accepting prime responsibility for a research stu-
dent completing a 
‘big book’ thesis
. In the UK or Commonwealth model
the supervisor does not serve as 
examiner
of the PhD, but is otherwise
equivalent to the American 
main adviser
. In the European model the
supervisor may be a member of the collegium of examiners. [pp. 1–11]