Azərbaycan respublikasi elm və TƏHSİl naziRLİYİ

The Role of Cultural Institutions in Promoting Access
Museums, libraries, and archives are just a few examples of the cultural institutions that are essential to fostering access to digital cultural heritage. These organizations are in charge of the physical and digital cultural objects' maintenance, curation, and distribution. By making cultural heritage available to a large audience, they also play a crucial part in encouraging cultural diversity and education.
In recent years, cultural institutions have increasingly focused on digitizing their collections and making them accessible online. This has enabled greater access to cultural heritage, particularly for individuals and communities who may not have had access to these resources previously. By producing high-quality digital replicas that can be shared and accessed from a distance, digitization can also aid in the preservation of cultural heritage. For example, digital artifacts may become obsolete as technology advances, creating the need for ongoing migration and preservation efforts⁵¹.
Cultural institutions have developed strategies for managing and preserving digital cultural heritage. These tactics could involve the application of open standards and technology, the creation of digital preservation initiatives, and alliances and partnerships with other organizations and stakeholders.
The Role of IP in Promoting Access
Intellectual property laws, particularly copyright laws, play a crucial role in promoting access to digital cultural heritage. Copyright laws provide legal protection for creators and owners of cultural artifacts, enabling them to benefit from their use and dissemination. However, copyright laws can also limit access to cultural heritage, particularly for educational and research purposes.
To address this tension, many countries have developed legal frameworks that enable exceptions to copyright laws for certain purposes, such as education, research, and public interest. These exceptions can help to promote access to digital cultural heritage while still providing some protection for creators and owners⁵².
Additionally, by using open licenses like Creative Commons licenses, authors may be able to share their works with others while yet holding some control over how those works are used. Open access policies can also enable researchers and educators to access and use digital cultural heritage for non-commercial purposes without requiring permission or payment⁵³.

2.2.2. Control over Digital Cultural Heritage

Control over digital cultural heritage refers to the ownership, management, and regulation of cultural artifacts in the digital domain. Intellectual property laws play a crucial role in regulating control over digital cultural heritage⁵⁴. For instance, copyright rules give creators and owners the ability to regulate the use and dissemination of their creations, including digital cultural assets. Patents and trademarks also provide legal protection for inventions and brands, respectively, which can include digital cultural artifacts.
However, the control over digital cultural heritage can also be contentious. Many cultural artifacts are subject to multiple layers of ownership and control, including copyright, moral rights, and cultural heritage laws. This can create complex legal frameworks that limit access and use of cultural heritage, particularly for marginalized communities. Furthermore, digital technologies have enabled the easy replication and distribution of cultural artifacts, which can make it difficult to control their use and dissemination.
In addition to legal frameworks, cultural institutions can also play a role in promoting responsible control over digital cultural heritage. Cultural institutions can, for instance, create moral standards and recommended procedures for the administration and sharing of digital cultural material. These guidelines can address issues such as ownership, access, and preservation, and can help to promote responsible and ethical practices in the management of digital cultural heritage⁵⁵.