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level of confidence in a fruitful manner and at the same time are notice to undergo psychological
trauma as well as stress in life.
4.1. Changes in situation by imposing legislative rules
It was only after the Taliban regime during the 21
st
century a new government was formed
and with the introduction of the Karzai administration brought up relaxation over the policies for
human rights. The Bonn agreement of 2001, which established the Afghan independent human
rights commission (AIHRC)as a national human rights institution developed for the need of
protecting and promoting the human rights and also for the purpose of making investigation over
the human rights abuse as well as war crimes. Further, it was the National security directorate as
well as Afghanistan’s national security agency who have now been entitled to develop judicial
protections against the concept of “Boy Play” (
Fontes
et al 2010). Previously it found that there
was an absence of the effective national judicial systems that mainly suggest for judicial
protection of the boys who have been kidnapped for meeting the sexual gratification of the
middle aged individual. Today a freedom over speech and media have been given up so that
those boys are able to state what they want to do or carry out instead of carrying out some other
activities that is comparatively more than sex slavery. With imposition of different legislative
rules and legislations, homosexuality as well as the cross dressing concept is now taken totally
under capital crimes and practising this rules have brought a reduction over “Bacha-Bazi” in
Afghanistan. Instead of negative social attitudes and strong legal prohibitions, still their exists
institutionalised form of bisexuality within the culture followed by Afghan. A new law known as
the LGBT rights (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) rights gender freedom was brought into
practice along with sexual liberalism (
Frederick 2010).
Later in the year, 1976, the penal code
was reinstated, which possess several provisions that would be applied to all the LGBT person
staying is brought up to the Afghan country by kidnapping. Article 398 of the Penal code is
found to state less amount of punishment over vigilant honour killing of the family members
who discover their spouse of have made themselves involve in homosexual activities. Next is the
article 427 of the Penal code which prescribes long term imprisonment for pederasty. Though the
law suggested under this article is all about rape, pederasty it does not address the crime of
Bacha-Bazi particularly and therefore, there still exist a gap as well as higher level of ambiguity
among all the laws developed in perspective of Bacha-Bazi, whereas all the existing laws does
34
not highlight much information regarding this child abuse concept of Afghanistan (
Lewig 2010).
Also the article 430, states that marriage for people in the country of Afghanistan should be
treated as an “Instigation of delinquency”, and should be made sure from beforehand whether the
person is involved in any kind of acts like homosexuality, infidelity or prostitution.
4.2. Actions taken by UNICEF for improving situations
UNICEF is strictly advocating over prevention, response as well as abolition of the high
form of violence that afghan children’s are prone to on daily basis. UNICEF is on the note of
ensuring the children’s specially the boys of the country who have been subjected to child abuse
that they are able to enjoy freedom and safety while moving from one place to another in order to
enjoy childhood and at the same time grow up as healthy adults. UNICEF today is on the move
of organising campaigns for the protection of children from “boy play” or any other forms of
child abuse activities. UNICEF is today found to make an out of reach effort just for engaging
the people of the community, different NGO partners as well as the local and national
governments to look into the ways that would subsequently bring a reduction in the rate of child
abuse within afghan culture (
Mansoor 2010).
UNICEF decided to put into practices all its
safeguard strategies into action by making use of tools like community based dialogues that are
make provocation within the minds of the people who have got involve into dangerous
homosexual activities as well as “boy play” for meeting their own sexual gratification. For
increasing the concern among the people belonging to the Islamic culture of the Afghan
community, UNICEF today have taken up the initiative to supply materials based on “Children
on Islam”, to make different religious leaders and Islamic scholars become conscious about the
different illegal activities that are taking place within the Afghan culture and let them know
about ways of saving these children who have become prone to child abuse. Currently, UNICEF
is notice to take up proper initiative of monitoring and reporting over mechanisms in perspective
of grave violations that is carried over children’s brought up to the Afghan country by
kidnapping so that the child abuse is reduced to some extent by imposing strict punishments over
the people who are still giving priority over the concept (
Margolin
et al 2010). Other strict
initiatives that has been taken up by the UNICEF to abolish Child abuse from the Afghan culture
is the establishment of task force over children as well as Armed Conflict just for developing
facilities to perfectly monitor and provide response over the grave violations that is child abuse