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VOLUME 2, No. 1, 2016
Number working in the electrotechnical industry makes 310,8 thousand people.
The electrical equipment of Russia
is a turbo and hydrogenerators, the high-voltage
equipment and transformers, power semiconductor devices, the low-voltage equipment and
control systems, the main electric locomotives, electric motors and light sources, accumulators
and large electrotechnical furnaces, wires, cables,
goods of a household purpose, and they are
only 35 thousand names of products.
Municipal services
15%
Transport complex
9%
Toplevno-
energetichesky
complex
20%
Defensive industry
12%
Agricultural
industry. Complex
19%
Figure 1.
The Scheme of Distribution of the Electrotechnical Equipment
in the Market of Russia
The electrotechnical industry delivers the equipment practically in all branches of economy
and the social sphere.
In a scope of electrotechnical production for each consumer capital construction and repair
and operational needs – 48%, a complete set of machine-building production – 38%, personal
consumption of the population – 10% and other areas – 4% (fig. 2) are characteristic.
The general strategic directions of development of electrotechnical branch are as follows.
Personal
consumption
10%
Other areas
4%
Capital
construction and
repair needs
48%
Mechanical
engineering
industry complete
set
38%
Figure 2.
The Scheme of Distribution of Consumption
of Electrotechnical Production
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CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS OF SOCIAL WORK
The nomenclature of its production totals hundreds of thousands names and standard sizes.
Products of the electrotechnical industry are various on seriality of production, a power range
and mass-dimensional characteristics: they are issued power from unit of milliwatts to millions
of kilowatts, weight – from several tens grams to hundreds of tons. Between quantity of the
electric power consumed in the country and production of electrotechnical
products there is a
close and natural interrelation.
So, according to the American association of producers of electric equipment (NEMA),
increase in demand for the electric power in 1 GW demands increase in a total generating power
of the power plants by 1,14 GW, in addition 160 GW are lovelier than transmission lines, 4,5 GVA
transformers and 13,6 GW of power switches [2].
Thus, decrease in electricity consumption causes reduction in production of electrotechnical
products.
In the Russian Federation annual electricity consumption in 1986 – 2000 decreased with
1082,2 to 878 billion kWh., that is almost on a quarter. During this period production of
electrotechnical products of industrial function decreased almost half that is explained also by
reduction of a share of electrotechnical products the branch market, that is replacement of a
domestic production import.
Since 2010 some revival in electricity generation that led to steady
increase in production in
the electrotechnical industry (tab. 1) began.
Table 1
Indexes of Industrial Production on Industries
(in % to previous year)
Branches
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
All industry
89,3
107,3
105,0
103,4
100,4
101,7
Including: power industry
97,3
102,2
100,2
101,3
97,5
99,9
mechanical engineering
66,8
115,2
111,1
102,7
96,6
92,2
Including, electrotechnical branch
68,4
118,9
111,9
106,4
99,0
99,5
Apparently from the table, between electricity generation and electrotechnical products
quite close dependence: falling of electricity generation was the main reason for decrease in an
index of production in the electrotechnical industry.
Other reason of decrease in production in the studied branch – impact of the competition:
in the 1990th years on the market of electrotechnical products nothing
the limited stream of
import products literally rushed.
During this period domestic market unprotected by the state electrotechnical production
literally I fell off that led to closing, reorientation, bankruptcy etc. not only many small
electrotechnical enterprises, but also large, and respectively – to sharp reduction of outputs
on them.
The existing problems of dynamics of the Russian economy in a section of the mechanism of
a sustainable development of the enterprises of the industry show that at the end of the 20th
century the share of all industry of the Russian Federation in the world market made about 20%,
and now no more than 1,5%.
The enterprises of the industry of Russia can't deliver competitive
production to the world
market in no small measure because of considerable degree of wear of the equipment.
Average degree of wear of the equipment of the enterprises makes 50,3%, and in some
branches of economy, reaches also big sizes (fig. 3).
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VOLUME 2, No. 1, 2016
57
53,1
52,5
51,6
50,7
49,9
49,9
48,8
Production of electric equipment
Chemical production
Production of cars and equipment
Textile and sewing production
Production of foodstuff
Production of oil products
Production of skin and products from skin
Production rubber and
plstmasovykh of products
Figure 3.
Level of Wear of the Equipment on Branches of Production
The electrotechnical branch continues to be in deep crisis: process of aging of the fixed business
assets (FBA) which wear in 2014 made 63% proceeds. Specific weight of cars and the equipment
with age more than 20 years increased from 9,5% in 1992 to 63,5% in 2014. The share of the
new equipment which served till 5 years decreased for this period from 35% to 6,1%, and degree
of wear reached 51,2%. The domestic enterprises of the electrotechnical industry in the majority
are equipped with physically worn-out and obsolete equipment that doesn’t allow to make the
competitive production necessary for equipment of cars, mechanisms
and units of other branches
of economy and life.
Though wear of the equipment is also considerable, but sinking funds of the enterprises
sometimes have no the money allocated for modernization. The high world prices for energy
resources thanks to which export the income of the budget of the Russian Federation increased
with 2369,2 in 1992 to 14496,8 billion rubles in 2014, allowed to carry out the diversification of
economy of the Russian Federation necessary for its sustainable development [23].
Though it also didn’t occur, but dynamics of coefficients of updating and leaving of fixed
assets of the enterprises, in particular, in manufacturing industry
allows to hope for the
optimistic scenario of development (fig. 4).
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2005
2010
2011
2013
Updating coefficient
Leaving coefficient
Figure 4.
Coefficient of Updating and Leaving of Fixed Assets in Manufacturing Industry,
in % of Funds at last 2014
It should be noted that independently it is difficult to satisfy demand in the modern
equipment to the enterprises of the Russian Federation. Dynamics of an index of production of
the equipment in 20 years (fig. 5) testifies to it.
In export the share of cars and the equipment decreases. In the CIS countries this share
decreased from 30% – in 2000 to 20% in 2011 Russia positions itself in the world market as the
power, but crises (in particular, 2014) show vulnerability unilaterally of developed economies [4].