Contents Introducti

Conclusion

The research made in the nature of English vowel phonemes shows that
vowels have no special place of articulation, the whole of the speech apparatus takes part in producing them. The classification of vowels, as well as the description of their articulation, is therefore based upon the work of all the speech organs.
We know that allophones of each phoneme possess a bundle of distinctive features, that makes this phoneme functionally different from all other phonemes of the language. This functionally relevant bundle of articulatory features is called the invariant of the phoneme.
The analysis also found out that the definitions of the phoneme given by different linguistic scholars vary greatly. Here are some of them:
L.V.Shcherba: the phoneme may be viewed as a functional, material and abstract unit.
V.A.Vassilyev: The phoneme is a smallest unit capable of distinguishing one word from another word, one grammatical form of word from another.
Bloch: phoneme is a class of phonemically similar sounds contrasting and mutually exclusive with all similar classes in the language
Jacobson: phoneme is a minimal sound by which meaning may be discriminated. Before getting down to the analysis of the vowel system of English we tried to find out characteristic features of English vowel phonemes:
1. The phoneme is a functional unit. Function is usually understood to mean discriminatory function, that is, the role of the various components of the phonetic system of the language in distinguishing one morpheme from another, one word from another or also one utterance from another.
The opposition of phonemes in the same phonetic environment differentiates the meaning of morphemes and words, e.g. said— says, sleeper — sleepy, bath — path, light — like.


Also a phoneme can fulfill a distinctive function - Sometimes the opposition of phonemes serves to distinguish the meaning of the whole phrases, e.g. He was heard badly — He was hurt badly.
2. The phoneme is material, real and objective. That means that it is realized in speech in the form of speech sounds, its allophones. The sets of speech sounds, that is the allophones belonging to the same phoneme are not identical in their articulatory content though there remains some phonetic similarity between them.
Typical character of sound simplifications in relation to the degree of formality is the great qualitative stability of vowels in slow formal speech and more frequent sound variability in informal spoken English. Both front and back vowels in less explicit articulation tend to be changing towards neutralized sounds, especially in grammatical words.
In this scientific research the English vowels and their modification and problems of teaching them to the learners and different approaches of some scientists have analyzed comparatively and scientifically. We have learned monophtongs diphthongs, changes of the vowel phonemes in connected speech, vowel reduction, elision and vowel harmony comparatively in English and Uzbek. To work all round studying of vowels and their modification in connected speech and to find proper equivalents in Uzbek were the aim of the research and they have been learnt comparatively. We have learned vowels and their modification and worked out interactive methods of teaching them under study. The object of the research were English vowels, vowel changes and modification, reduction, reduced words, and elision in English and they have been learnt comparatively. The materials for the research were English vowels, examples for modifications of vowels were taken from the English and Uzbek writers’ fiction books and from some internet resource .They have been analyzed syntactically and comparatively. We can say that our research work is very actual nowadays, because English learners may have troubles in listening, speaking, reading and writing and to a lot of people who want to study English phonetics use old proverbs and sayings for a

long time . These vowels and their modifications are more active for learning English phonetics and avoiding mistakes in pronouncing them. In the research we comparatively analyzed the history them and scientific opinions of famous scholars.

In the first paragraph we worked on English vowels, distinction between consonants, classification of vowels and they have been analyzed by some interactive methods. The structural-semantical features of the English vowels and their modification in Modern English and Uzbek have been learnt comparatively
help to the learners who jus beginners of English phonetics and others. Teachers and students might use the results of the present work for the further investigations. We can now formulate the general principles of vowel articulation.

So, we have just known some important information of vowels - there are two types of pronunciation- formal and informal. As it was above, formal speech suggests dispassionate information on the part of the speaker. It is characterized by careful articulation and relatively slow speed and informal speech implies everyday conversation.
It is known that modification of vowels is closely connected with the nature of phonemes and their changes.
The complete articulation of a speech sound - a vowel or a consonant - when said by itself in isolation consists of three stages:
I. The on-glide stage during which the articulating organs move to the position necessary for the articulation of a sound.
2. The hold stage during which the articulating organs are kept in the position for a certain period of time.
3. The off-glide stage during which the articulating organs return to the position of rest.
In connected speech the sounds are subjected, in general, to two main types of influence: the reciprocal influence of neighbouring sounds and the influence on sounds by larger speech units and their elements, first of all - by the stress. The first group of processes is called the combinative changes, the second group - the positional changes.
The majority of changes of sounds in connected speech are combinative. The sounds are modified by other sounds near to them in the phonetic sequence. In this case they lose the clearness and some peculiarities of their articulation, g'aining, on the other hand, some new articulatory features. As a rule, it is the third stage (off-glide) of the articulation of the preceding sound and the first stage (on-glide) of the following, sound that undergo modificat.