Phonetics (Greek: phonetikos relating to sound, sounding; sonorous, voiced) 1) methods of formation and acoustic properties of speech sounds in linguistics; syllable, a part of speech that is separated by a pause

INTRODUCTION
Phonetics (Greek: phonetikos - relating to sound, sounding; sonorous, voiced) - 1) methods of formation and acoustic properties of speech sounds in linguistics; syllable, a part of speech that is separated by a pause. At the same time, some linguists expand the object of its study by adding written expressions of sound units (graphics) and writing rules of meaningful units (spelling) to the scope of phonetics (Russian scientist L. V. Shcherba). In Uzbek linguistics, within the framework of phonetics, mainly speech sounds [their articulatory, acoustic, perceptive (psychophonetic) and functional aspects| and tone (syllable, phrase, accent, etc.) are studied.
The sound side of speech is divided into segment (Latin: segmentum - cut, piece, fragment) and supersegment (supersegment) units. Segmental units are arranged consecutively (two sounds cannot be pronounced at the same time). Therefore, they can be called serial or sequential units. U stsegment units include stress and tone (intonation). These units are superimposed on the segment units and give them a different color.
Any speech sound is primarily pronounced due to the movement of the speech organs, that is, it has a physiological nature. Secondly, it is created by air vibrating a certain elastic body; therefore, it has an acoustic (physical) aspect. Thirdly, the sound shell is formed in the human mind together with the meaning side of a specific word and morpheme, because when a person perceives a certain set of sounds by hearing, he perceives the meaning of this set, which is considered a perceptive (psychophonetic) feature. And finally, and most importantly, speech performs a certain task, and therefore has functional value. Speech sounds can be studied from different perspectives according to the above characteristics. Phonetics is divided into the following types from the point of view of the study (purpose) of the sound system of the language: general phonetics; historical (diachronic) phonetics; descriptive (synchronous) phonetics; comparative phonetics; experimental phonetics Along with the above, special phonetics is also distinguished, in which all phonetic features are studied on the example of a specific language.
General phonetics studies the phonetic properties common to all languages (the formation of speech sounds, their universal classification, the laws of combining sounds, the influence of one consonant on another, etc.). General phonetics is based on materials of special phonetics. Historical phonetics studies the phonetic system of the language in its historical development, in the process of development. Descriptive phonetics studies the current state of the phonetic system of a particular language. Comparative phonetics compares the phonetics of two languages, the sound systems of related languages. Experimental phonetics studies speech sounds and phonetic phenomena using certain technical means.
The study of the mechanism of the formation of speech sounds began in the 17th century, which arose from the need to teach deaf people (the works of H. P. Bonet from Spain, J. Wilkins from England, and I. Amman from the Netherlands). The study of the sound side of the language from the linguistic point of view in all aspects is observed for the first time in the work of the German scientist E. Zivers "Principles of Sound Physiology" (1876, 2nd edition called "Principles of Phonetics", 1881). I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay and his students V. A. contributed to the development of general phonetics in Russia. Bogoroditskyi and L. V. Shcherba made important contributions with their works.
Phonetics is related to other areas of language because without sound, stress, and intonation, there is no syllable, word, phrase, or rune. Because of this, phonetics is considered a language stage related to lexis, morphology, syntax and stylistics. The phonetics of the Uzbek language are also being studied in depth. V. V. Reshetov, Sh. Shoabdurahmanov, phonetics Abdullayev, A. Gulomovlar; A. Mahmudov and S. Otamirzayeva in the experimental study of the phonetics of the Uzbek language from the end of the 60s; Phonetics in the study of the historical phonetics of the Uzbek language Abdullayev, G. Abdurahmonov, A. Rustamov, Q. Mahmudov, H. Ne'matov, E. Umarov have great services.
Phonetics is closely related to phonology. 2) acoustic and articulatory (physiological) characteristics of sounds characteristic of a certain language, phonetic structure of a certain language. For example, the phonetics of the Uzbek language.