Electrical industry of burma/myanmar
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- FACILITIES AND SERVICES OF THE YANGON ELECTRICITY SUPPLY BOARD
- KENGKHAM MULTI-PURPOSE DAM TO HELP GREEN THE MEIKTILA PLAIN
- Topographic map reference
- Additional references Data summary Kengkham See below: ‘ Myogyi multi-purpose dam to harness waters of fhe Zawgyi’ (
- HOMEMADE LIGHTING SYSTEM FOR NOODLE VENDOR
- RICE HUSK GASIFIERS TO SPUR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
- NATIONAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT SCHEDULE UPDATED
Additional references: NLM, 14/06/04. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/04nlm/n040614.htm PM Khin Nyunt and party arrived Kalay Industrial Zone where they heard reports on the assembly of automobiles and the manufacture of hydro electric turbines and agricultural equipment by U Aung Min, V-C of the zone supervisory committee.
Kayan Soe Myint, NLM, 31/08/08. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs5/NLM2008-08-31.pdf Yangon Electricity Supply Board (YESB) was formed on 1 April 2006. Executive responsibility is exercised by its chairman, secretary, a joint-secretary and four heads of department including management, finance, supply and engineering. The Board is responsible for providing power to the households in Yangon division, as well as to industrial zones, municipal waterworks, CNG lines and fuel stations, state-owned factories, lamp-posts and traffic lights and religious buildings. YESB keeps under its control five 230/66/33-kV [sub] power stations, nineteen 66/33/11 kV [sub] power stations, two hundred, sixty-three 33/11/6.6 kV [sub] power stations and 6,126 11/6.6/ 0.4 KV [sub] power stations. There are also 61.03 miles of 66-kV overhead power lines, 3,204 miles of 33-kV line, 682.miles of 11-kV lines, 394 miles of 6.6 kV lines and 2,359 miles of 0.4 kV lines under control of the YESB. Moreover there are underground power cables: 22 miles of 66-kV lines, 433 miles of 33-kV lines, 120 miles of 11-kV lines, 312 miles of 6.6-kV lines and 162 miles miles of 0.4-kV lines. Due to growing power consumption in Yangon division, the YESB has built five additional 66/33/11-kV (sub) power stations, including those at MRTV-3, Tawwin, Waibagi, Shwepaukkan and Dagon Myothit (North). It has also installed 66-kV power lines and four transformers at Pathein Nyunt, Parami Bailey, Kyaikkasan and Hlawga, and one 230/66-kV transformer and seven 66-kV power lines at Hsinmaleik-MRTV-3, Thakayta, Thakayta-Pathein Nyunt, Dagon (East)-Shwepaukkan, Dagon (East)-Waibagi, Dagon (East)-Industrial Zone and Kyaikwaing-Seinpanmyaing. The YESB supplies electricity to 4,388 factories in 14 industrial zones in Yangon Division. Of these 136 are factories belonging to various ministries including 86 factories of the Ministry of Industry-1, as well as 35 embassies and organizations, 36 CNG filling stations, 42 waterworks stations, 47 hospitals including military hospitals, 134 traffic lights, lamp-post lights and 747,600 houses. The board has also installed paddy husk-fired power generators in Kamamat Village in Kayan township and Thawuntaung Village in Twantay township. The YESB purchases power from natural gas turbines under the EPM No 2 and from hydropower plants under the EPM No 1 at fixed prices. The Power Control Division of Myanma Electric Power Enterprise under the Ministry of Electric Power No. 2 is responsible for stabilizing the power supply functions through the line and carrier-PLC system. In an interview YESB Secretary Maung Maung Latt explained that power consumers are being provided with electric meters at a pricve of K 57,000 per home. These meters have capacities of 10, 20 and 30 kilowatts. Industrial-use power meters can be installed at designated places in a single day under supervision of the township electrical engineers. Compiler’s Note: This is an abridged version of the original article. A photo accompanying the article in the print edition of NLM shows technicians of the Power Control Division of MEPE discharging duties in front of control panels at a central station in Yangon. Additional references: See below: ‘YESB: Five billion kyat spent on power line repair in Yangon’ (MT: 16/06/08) ‘Industrial zones recovering from cyclone’ (MT: 26/05/08) ‘Myanmar’s biggest city still paralyzed five days after cyclone’ (New York Times: 08/05/08) 'Yangon electricity supplies get boost from YESB plan' (MT: 24/07/06) ‘Ministry of Electric Power re-organized’ (NLM: 16/05/06) 'Yangon City Electric Power Supply Board Law enacted' (NLM: 23/11/05) ================================================================================== KENGKHAM MULTI-PURPOSE DAM TO HELP 'GREEN' THE MEIKTILA PLAIN Article & Photos by Khin Maung Than (Sethmu), NLM, 07/08/08. [edited and re-written] http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs5/NLM2008-08-07.pdf I was able to visit the site of a multipurpose dam which is under construction on Namet creek near Kengkham village in Yaksawk [Lawksawk] township. Accompanied by Staff Officer Tin Aung Myat of Construction Group 7 of the ID, I drove north along the road [between Lawksawk and Indaw] to MP 18 where we turned off to the east. Crossing the Zawgyi river, we went along the Kengkham road until we reached the construction site of the dam on Namet creek. Actually, the construction site is 42 miles from Yaksawk.
Kengkham dam would appear to be located north of Kengkham village [21° 28' N, 97° 10' E], possibly in grid square reference: 13\1, 26\6. Note Milyang [=Nammelyam] creek to the west. Nampar creek is probably ‘Nampao’ creek shown on the map running through the cluster of villages around Kengkham. If this is the case, then the dam on this creek would not be below but above the Kengkham dam. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/burma/txu-oclc-6924198-nf47-9.jpg Additional references Data summary Kengkham See below: ‘Myogyi multi-purpose dam to harness waters of fhe Zawgyi’ (NLM: 25/12/06); ‘Zawgyi no 2 hydropower station launched’ (NLM: 17/03/00) NLM, 01/05/09. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs07/NLM2009-05-01.pdf Kengkham dam will provide water to Zawgyi dam though a 14-mile long canal. NLM, 17/04/09. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs07/NLM2009-04-17.pdf During a visit to the Kengham dam site, General Maung Aye calls for completion of the project on schedule. This means that it will be necessary to 'get rid' of the trees and woodlands in the basin area on time, he says. General Maung Aye also asks about a dam to be constructed on Nampar creek, downstream [upstream?] from the Kengkham dam. A&IMinister Htay Oo tells him that a dam on Nampar creek will be completed ahead of the Kengkham dam project. It will be able to irrigate some 1000 acres of farmlands. It will also supply water to the Zawgyi dam and will include a small-scale hydropower plant. General Maung Aye calls for the Nampar project to be launched as soon as possible. Development of the area including Kengkham village should be expedited, he says. [A photo of a power shovel and dump trucks in operation at the dam site are included with the news item in the print edition of NLM.]
Gen Maung Aye and party inspect construction activity by Group 7 of the ID at the site of the Kyaingkham (Kengkham) multi-purpose dam. They are briefed by A&IMin Htay Oo who reports on the prospects for generating hydro power at the dam and by Forestry Minister Thein Aung who reports on the condition of forests in the area. The dam is being constructed on Nant-at creek near Kyaingkham village [21° 28' N, 97° 10' E] in Yaksawk township. It will supply up to 990,000 acre-feet of water to the already completed Zawgyi dam and [through it] to the Myogyi Dam which is under construction in Ywangan township. The Kyaingkham Dam will have a water storage capacity of 345,350 acre-feet and is expected to generate six megawatts of electricity. NLM, 19/08/05. http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/05nlm/n050819.htm On a visit to the Zawgyi (Myogyi) dam project site near Myogyi village in Ywangan township, PM Soe Win is informed about preliminary engineering tasks for the implementation of Kengkham dam project. The Kengkham dam on Nan-et Creek in Yaksawk township will supply water to dams in the Zawgyi watershed that will result in the greening of the Meiktila Plain. ================================================================================== HOMEMADE LIGHTING SYSTEM FOR NOODLE VENDOR Juliet Shwe Gaung, Energy Supplement, Myanmar Times, 21/07/08. http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/energy08/eng008.htm The room may not be brightly lit, but the noodle seller can do his work. He’s saving the money he would otherwise spend on a generator or candles, and the technology he uses is as green as they come. Ko Pyone Cho, 35, owns and runs a small roadside noodle shop in Insein township, where he also lives. He is saving money by using biomass to power five light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs, instead of buying and burning candles. He has the right to tap into the diesel generator collectively owned by residents in his quarter, which would enable him to power a 4-foot-long fluorescent light, but resents that cost. Ko Pyone Cho doesn’t see why he should pay the K2500 required, especially when the raw materials needed for his biomass light are readily available. The secret to powering the five LEDs, modest though they are, is fascinating: It’s a mixture of chemistry and backyard mechanics. And it works. The power is produced mixing together 2 viss each of cow dung and salt (1 viss equals 1.6 kilograms or 3.6 pounds). The mixture is then poured into five 1-litre plastic bottles with the tops cut off. He then sinks one old, but not yet dead, battery into each bottle and wires them all together, positive to negative. This ‘battery’ is then connected with the five LED bulbs, stuck into an old compact disc, which then immediately light up. The main cost to Ko Pyone Cho in this procedure is the salt, which is normally about K300 a viss but has risen to K500. He must occasionally buy new LEDs, at K50 per bulb, and wiring. The batteries, water bottles and CD are items that he would normally throw away, but instead diverts to a good cause. Ko Pyone Cho says the lighting, which he judges quite sufficient for his purposes, will last for about six months even if used most evenings until midnight. “I usually have to sprinkle salt into the mixture once every 10 days. It’s a kind of maintenance to enhance the energy. If I don’t continue sprinkling, it doesn’t light up as much as it should,” said Ko Pyone Cho. Ko Pyone Cho says the unusual device provides light to his noodle stall and saves him money that he would normally have to spend on candles. “I started using it as a substitute for candles, which normally cost about K500 for a packet of six. I view this as an unnecessary cost,” he said. The price of candles has now stabilised after rising sharply in the wake of Cyclone Nargis. Ko Pyone Cho, who lives with his mother, says the lighting is sufficient for the two of them. Though it is not strong enough to read by, it is safer, cheaper and, he feels, more pleasing than candlelight. He learned about biomass technology in Twante township, a rural part of the Ayeyarwady Division, where it is widely used. “The biomass lighting really helps me prepare noodles for the next day from 6 to around 9pm, and the next morning from 4am until sunrise” said Ko Pyone Cho, who sells around seven viss of noodles on weekdays and 10 viss on Saturdays. A noodle seller for 20 years, he estimates that biomass lighting saves him about K200 a day. The idea to use biomass came after a visit to his relatives in Aut Su village in Pathein town, where he studied the fixing procedure and demonstrated it back in his house. He said that fishery sectors, biomass is used more seriously for a wider variety of purposes. “Even within our quarter, there is only one person who uses biomass. Maybe most people don’t know the procedure. But the light is so satisfying I think it’s worth the little extra effort involved in preparing the mixture” said Ko Pyone Cho. [Photo of Pyone Cho enjoying tea beside the ingenious LED lighting system in his shack in Insein township.] Additional references See below 'Biogas power plants supply electricity to rural areas’ (MT: 16/08/04) 'Private operators meet consumer need for alternative power service' (MT: 03/02/02) ================================================================================== RICE HUSK GASIFIERS TO SPUR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Than Htike Oo, Energy Supplement, Myanmar Times, 21/07/08. http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/energy08/eng007.htm Rice husk power plants should play a larger role in the development of rural areas in Myanmar and can at the same time reduce greenhouse gas emissions, according to industry experts. “As our country is an agricultural country, we have an abundance of rice husks. If we can use them in producing electricity, it will be very fruitful for the country,” said U Zar Ni Aung, managing director of Hein Engineering, which produces rice husk gasifiers. “The technology is not new but it became more widely available about 10 years ago as world oil prices began to increase,” he said. Rice husk power plants have the potential to reduce Myanmar’s dependence on oil – at least to some degree – but U Zar Ni Aung said their major selling point was the possibility of getting electricity supply into rural areas and foster development. “We need to increase the use of the technology so that more people have the opportunity to take advantage of it. While the initial cost is a little bit expensive, if a person or organisation invests in providing the village with electricity, it will be very beneficial for both sides,” U Zar Ni Aung said, adding that 50-kW gasifier cost about K6 million and a 150-kW gasifier approximately K12 million. In 2007, a 50-kW rice husk gasifier was installed in Tagoondaing Village in Yangon Division, with some help from Thailand. The gasifier now provides electricity for 304 houses in two villages, Tagoondaing and Alesu. The village electricity supply board charges a monthly fee of K1500 to power a fluorescent lamp, K1500 for a black and white TV and K2000 for a colour TV. The money is used for the maintenance of the gasifier and to hire the gasifier operator. Villagers in Tagoodaing said that they believed the new electricity supply would speed up development in the region. U San Oo, 45, said: “I am very happy to get electricity in our village, particularly for lighting. Now children in the village can study their school lessons late at night and we are safe when we come back from our farms because the streets are lit up.” But rice husk gasifiers are used not only to provide domestic electricity in Myanmar’s rural areas but also in the country’s small rural industries. “We generally use rice husk gasifiers for village electrification but now some rice mills and ice factories have begun to use them,” said Col Thoung Win, chairman of Yangon Division Renewable Energy R&D Committee. He agreed with U Zar Ni Aung that rice husk gasifiers should be more widely used, saying the power plants were more economical and environmentally-friendly than using diesel or petrol generators. “According to our research, the energy efficiency of rice husk gasifiers is far better than diesel engines. The energy produced from four baskets of rice husks is equal to the energy produced from one gallon of diesel,” he said. “One basket of rice husk is K150. One gallon of diesel is around K5500. Therefore the cost is eight times less using rice husks than diesel,” he said. Rice husk gasifiers also produces less carbon dioxide – the main greenhouse gas that causes global warming and climate change – than diesel engines. [Photo of a rice husk gasifier in Twante.] Website information: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Events/Mekong/Proceedings/SEF2-Annex6.4-Myanmar-Presentation.pdf Information presented by the Energy Planning Dept of the Myanmar Ministry of Energy at the Second subregional energy forum in Ho Chi Minh city on 22/11/08 indicates that the installed electrification capacity of renewable energy sources at the end of 2008 was as follows: Solar power: 0.1157 MW, Wind power: 0.5194 MW, Mini hydro power: 8.3530 MW, Bio-mass power: 18.1942 MW; Biogas power 1.5993 MW. Additional references See above: ‘Natchaung model village well supplied with electric power’ (NLM: 15/09/08) See below: ‘Village rice husk power plant will serve as research centre’ (MT: 24/09/07) ‘Plans for $7-million-dollar rice husk power plant edge forward (MT: 27/08/07) 'Inventor co-op society exports first rice-husk generators' (MT: 21/08/06) 'Interest growing in rice-husk generation’ (MT: 10/07/06) 'Paddy husk power plant tested to cut rice milling costs' (MT: 19/12/05) 'Biogas power plants supply electricity to rural areas’ (MT: 16/08/04) 'Biomass gasifier used for tobacco curing in Myingyan’ (TERI: 08/04) Than Htike Oo, Myanmar Times, 14/01/08. http://www.mmtimes.com/no401/n013.htm The villages of Tagoondaing and Alesu, about 8 kms south of Twante in Yangon Division, began receiving electricity last month supplied by a rice husk power plant, said U San Thaung, a member of the village electricity supply committee. The power plant, which is fuelled by burning rice husks, was installed in Tagoondaing late last year with financial support from the government of Thailand and technical support from Chiang Mai University. “The gasifier engine generator is run by rice husks and can produce 50 kilowatts. We’re supplying electricity to 304 homes in Tagoondaing and Alesu,” Dr Chatchawan Chaichana from Chiang Mai University said last month. “This is the first time in my life that I’ve had electricity,” said 45-year-old Tagoondaing resident U San Oo. “I’m very happy and grateful to those who were involved in the project. We get electricity from 6pm to 11pm. Now that the roads are lit it is easier to come back from our farms at night. We feel safer from dangers like snake bites when we walk around after dark,” he said, adding that schoolchildren have also benefited by being able to read and study later at night. Before the completion of the power plant villagers had to rely on batteries, candles and kerosene lamps for light. U San Thaung said the village electricity supply committee will collect K1500 a month from households using a fluorescent lamp, K1500 for a black and white television and K2000 for a colour TV. “We have expenses to operate and maintain the generator including buying diesel and providing salaries for four engineers. Right now we’re getting rice husks for free from three rice mills in the area buy later we’ll need to buy more from other rice mills,” he said. “The price will decrease if more houses use the electricity. We are planning to provide electricity to Innmagyi and Sarphyusu villages, which are not far from Tagoondaing,” he said. [A photo accompanying the article gives a partial view of the gasifier.] ================================================================================== NATIONAL HYDROPOWER PROJECT SCHEDULE UPDATED Juliet Shwe Gaung, Energy Supplement, Myanmar Times, 21/07/08. http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/energy08/eng005.htm Hydropower projects are widely considered to be a path of sustainable economic development while meeting the demands of electricity. The Myanmar government has set a target to meet all its power demands through hydropower. Accordingly, a number of small, medium- and large-size hydropower projects have been completed, are being constructed or are in planning. The first of six “five year plans” was introduced in 2001 with the aim of meeting both local electricity demand and export electricity to neighbouring countries. Joint-venture hydropower projects are attractive because not only do they earn foreign exchange revenue annually over the concession period but also increase local power capacity. All the joint-venture agreements entitle Myanmar to 10-15pc of annual electricity generation from the power stations free of charge. Sixteen hydropower projects are planned as part of the second five-year stage (2006-2010). Five of these were completed by 2007, with the remaining 11 projects still under construction. EPM No 1 figures show that 10 hydropower projects with capacities ranging from 30 to 790 megawatts (MW) are expected to be completed in the next three years. The total capacity of hydropower projects in Myanmar is currently about 1457MW, while an additional 245MW will be available by the end of 2008 when four more hydropower projects come online. Figures show that Myanmar will get an additional 1103MW in 2009 and 340MW in 2010. The four hydropower projects that are expected to finish by the end of 2008 are Kun (60MW), Phyu (40MW), Shwekyin (75MW) and Kyee-on Kyee-wa (70MW). By the beginning of 2010, five more hydropower projects are expected to be completed, including Yeywa (790MW), Thahtay (102 MW), Upper Paunglaung (140MW), Buywa (41MW) and Myo Gyi (30MW). In 2010 the Manipur project will come online, improving the nation’s electricity capacity by 340MW. In addition to the implemented projects, the government plans to build 11 additional medium and large hydropower projects, some of which will be used to export electricity to neighbouring countries. The 11 hydropower projects will generate 3120MW and will be completed between 2011 and 2015. According to estimates made by the World Bank in 1995, Myanmar possesses theoretical power potential of 108,000MW. The ministry has so far identified and surveyed 266 potential hydropower sites in 12 states and divisions with an estimated output of 39,720MW. As Myanmar does not possess the capabilities to exploit all the identified hydropower resources, the government has signed joint-venture agreements with neighbouring countries like Thailand, China and Bangladesh for the harnessing and exporting of hydroelectricity. In July 1997, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed between Thailand and Myanmar for the purchase of 1500MW of electricity from Myanmar by 2010. In May 2005, another MOU was signed for the development of hydropower projects in Thanlwin and the Tanintharyi River basin. Agreements were also signed with the Chinese State Power Corporation to develop two hydropower stations located near the China-Myanmar border. Apart from China and Thailand, Myanmar and Bangladesh signed an MOU in July 2007 to build hydropower projects in Rakhine State and subsequently export electricity to Bangladesh. [Compiler’s note: The article above is mostly a rehash of information available from previous editions of the Myanmar Times and other national publications. It omits any mention of the Kengtawng Falls hydropower project which is expected to come on-line in 2008. It wrongly states that the current capacity of hydropower is 1457 MW. The twelve medium and large hydropower plants operated by the state-owned utility have a capacity of about 767 MW. Isolated smaller hydropower stations have a capacity of approximately 25 MW. Many of the hydropower stations large and small operate at less than maximum levels during the dry season from December to May. Rather surprisingly, the article fails to mention Indian interest in developing the large Htamanthi hydropower facility on the Chindwin and recent contracts to Indian companies for the Thahtay dam and hydropower plant in Arakan state.] Yüklə 12,31 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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