Financial Accounting for Decision Makers

517
discriminate function 332, 
517
disposal values 
see
residual values
distributors, passing goods to 190
dividends 142, 148–50, 
517
from associate companies 392
cover ratio 315, 
517
final 149
interim 149
payout ratio 314–15, 319, 
517
per share 315
policies 149–50
preference 276, 318
shareholders 127
statements of changes in equity 179, 180
summary financial statements 414
yield ratios 315, 319, 321–2, 
517
documents of incorporation 21
double-entry bookkeeping 495–509, 
517
doubtful debts 105–8
Drucker, Peter 18
dual aspect convention 56–7, 
517
earnings
per share (EPS) 315–17, 319, 322, 478–9, 
517
price/earnings (P/E) ratios 318–22, 
521
retained 
see
retained earnings
ease of borrowing, finance leasing 251, 252
easyJet plc 251, 256, 324
economic benefits 83, 91, 95
economic growth 195–6
economic profits 476–7
economic value added (EVA
®
) 476–8, 
517
efficiency ratios 270, 283–91
efficient capital markets 124–6, 
517
employees 2, 3, 4
sales revenue per employee ratios 288–9, 
522
Enron 192–3
EPS 
see
earnings: per share
equipment 41, 48
see also
property, plant and equipment
equities 
see
ordinary shares
equity 41–2, 126–7, 
517
bookkeeping entries 496–500, 503, 507–8
maintaining during inflation 429–31, 432–7
statements of changes in 
see
statements of 
changes in equity
withdrawing 142–5
see also
reserves; share capital; shares
equity finance 137–42
Ernst and Young (EY) 169, 297, 462
errors 7, 186, 504–5
freedom from, accounting information 11
estimates
changes in 185–6
provisions 239, 240
ethics 27–8
codes of 28
European Union, use of International Financial 
Reporting Standards 164, 165
EVA
®
(economic value added) 476–8,