Financial Accounting for Decision Makers

518
arising on consolidation 367–80, 381–8, 
518
internally-generated 250
negative 367, 386, 
520
governance 
see
boards of directors; corporate 
governance; directors
government 2, 3, 4
accruals accounting 88–9
departments 29
Granada 119
Greencore Group plc 281
Greene King plc 278
gross profits 77, 78, 
518
margin 280–3, 
518
groups 348
associate companies 391–4
definition 349–50, 
518
existence, reasons for 350–6
financial statements 349, 360, 
518
argument against consolidation 394
goodwill arising on consolidation 367–80,
381–8, 
518
income statements 388–90, 392–3, 
518
negative goodwill arising on consolidation 367
statements of cash flows 390–1, 
518
statements of comprehensive income 390
statements of financial position 359–80, 393, 
518
inter-company assets and claims 380–1
inter-company trading 390
less than 100 per cent ownership of subsidiaries 
by parents 363–7, 371–5
non-controlling interests 365–7, 371–80
paying more or less than underlying net asset 
values for shares 367–75
trading taken place since acquisition of shares 
375–80
types of relationship 357–9
Hertz 465
Hewlett-Packard 190
historic cost 60, 336
convention 54–5, 57, 
518
holding companies 
see
parent companies
hollow swaps 190
horizontal analysis 327–9, 
518
HSBC 320, 462
human resources 59
IAS 
see
International Accounting Standards
IASB 
see
International Accounting Standards Board
Icahn, Carl 465
identification of information 12
IFRS 
see
International Financial Reporting 
Standards
ignorance, zones of 333
impairment
charges, minimisation 385
leased assets 254
losses 63,