#237 22 february 2016
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- Léon spiLLiaert
Digue de mer, Ostende, reflets de lumière (1908) Léon Spilliaert L éon Spilliaert (1881-1946) is a Belgian Symbolist artist, renowned for his melancholic watercolours, gouaches and pastels, characterised by wide empty spaces and an ingenious use of chiaroscuro. Léon Spilliaert was born in Ostende (Belgium) on 28 July 1881. He was the son of a perfumer whose clients included King Leopold II. His childhood was happy until he started school. His letters reveal the following: “I keep a wonderful memory of my childhood until the day I was sent to school. From that point, my soul was stolen and I never again found it. This painful search is the full story of my painting.” Between 1899 and 1900, Léon Spilliaert had a short stint at the Bruges Academy of Fine Arts. He signed his first drawing in 1899. However, he was essentially self-taught, namely from his time in Ostende. In 1902, the Brussels publisher Deman hired Léon Spilliaert as a salesman and public relations manager. He worked in this capacity only briefly, preferring to continue his artistic learning. In 1904, he painted his well-known Self-Portrait with Masks. Still in 1904, Léon Spilliaert met Émile Verhaeren for the first time, in Saint-Cloud. The meeting was life-changing. Léon Spilliaert was born twenty years after the main Symbolists, but he followed in their footsteps and perpetuated the movement in the early 20 th century. He read Nietzsche and Lautréamont. He also attended Symbolist salons alongside Maurice Maeterlinck and even Émile Verhaeren. He also became close to James Ensor. During this period, Léon Spilliaert painted a great deal, mainly in Ostende. He drew inspiration from long nocturnal strolls, for example by the sea. Between the age of 26 and 27, he created a series of nocturnal self-portraits, lit by moon or artificially, showing plays on light to advantage. In 1908, Stefan Zweig bought four of his works and gave him a letter of introduction addressed to Hugo Heller. In 1909, he exhibited his works for the first time, at the Salon de Printemps, in Brussels. Then came the war. In 1915, Léon Spilliaert met Rachel Ver- gison, and the two married in December 1916. For good reason, because in the same year, the artist was called up to join the Civil Guard. This contact with the war plunged him into violent fits of anguish. In 1917, the couple settled near Brussels and their daughter Madeleine Spilliaert was born. The new father changed his artistic practice. His pa- lette opened up to more colours, and Léon Spilliaert tried his hand at painting. As of 1922, the couple returned to Ostende where he stayed until 1935. Léon Spilliaert devoted himself to marine art, a genre that he handled in a quasi-abstract manner. He and Rachel Vergison would live their final years near Brus- sels. The artist died from an angina pectoris attack in 1946.
Art Analytics Data •
léon spilliaert Léon Spilliaert earned very little institutional recog- nition even if museums have hosted 81 % of the ex- hibitions dedicated to him. His work continues to be little shown to the public – an average of barely two exhibitions per year since 2000. Between 1998 and 2015, only a handful of personal exhibitions were dedicated to him. Only 2006 and 2007 stood out, with eight exhibi- tions in the space of a few months. The reason? It was 60 years since the artist’s death and two major retrospectives were organised: “Spilliaert” in 2006 at the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium (Brus- sels) and “Léon Spilliaert – Autoportraits” in 2007 at the Musée d´Orsay (Paris). The work of Léon Spilliaert is found in several emi- nent public collections including those of the Mu- sée d’Orsay or the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium.
(detail)(1908) Léon Spilliaert 0 2 4 6 8 1992 1994
1996 1998
2000 2002
2004 2006
2008 2010
2012 2014
group shows solo shows 0 2
6 8 1992 1994 1996
1998 2000
2002 2004
2006 2008
2010 2012
2014 gallery
museum biennials other Evolution of the number of exhibitions by type Evolution of the number of exhibitions by type of venue
237 • 22 february 2016
Art Analytics Data •
léon spilliaert Owing to his nationality, it is in Belgium that Léon Spilliaert has been exhibited the most. Belgium has hosted 38 % of his exhibitions, followed by France, the artist’s second home, with 17 % of his exhibi- tions. The Mu.ZEE (Ostende) has hosted five exhi- bitions featuring Léon Spilliaert. Léon Spilliaert has most often been exhibited alongside Belgian Symbolist painters Maurice Maeterlinck and Émile Verhaeren. 0 2
6 8 1992 1994 1996
1998 2000
2002 2004
2006 2008
2010 2012
2014 Belgium
other 5 %
81 % 10 %
gallery museum
events other
17 % 83 %
group shows solo shows 33 % 12 %
17 % 38 %
Belgium France
Italy other
0 50 100 150 200
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 In terms of media, coverage of Léon Spilliaert leapt up between 2006 and 2008. This was a logical con- sequence of the major exhibitions (two retrospec- tives at the Musée d’Orsay and the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium) devoted him on the 60 th
Dutch and French are the two languages in which the most number of articles about him have been published (respectively 40.7 and 40.4 % of his media coverage). The most prolific journalists writing about him have been Éric Rinckhout ( De
Morgen), Guy Gilsoul (Le Vif / L’Express), Ger- rit van den Hoven ( Brabants Dagblad) and Suzy Menkes (
Vogue). Distribution by venue type Distribution by exhibition type Distribution by country Evolution of the number of exhibitions by country Evolution of the number of articles about Léon Spilliaert 24 This document is for the exclusive use of Art Media Agency’s clients. Do not distribute. Subscribe for free.
237 • 22 february 2016
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